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Systematic Thermal Analysis for Accurately Predicting the Extrusion Printability
A

C
B

D E

Figure 4. Results of the simulation. (A) The temperature distribution at 20 s in analysis for 32-G nozzle. (B) Transient change of the central
material (n=9, P<0.0001, error=S.D.) (C) Steady change of the extrudate temperature versus the syringe temperature (n=9, P<0.0001,
error=S.D.) (D) Steady change of the extrudate temperature versus the ambient temperature (E) Transient change of the extrudate
temperature. established based on the proposed physical model.

temperature, and (c) there was a rapid change in extrudate 3.3. Influence of multiple factors on printability
temperature of under 10 s, which must be considered in Often, a primary indicator of printability is the
the printing process. linewidth [31,40] , which affects the porosity , cell viability,
[41]
114 International Journal of Bioprinting (2021)–Volume 7, Issue 3