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Electrohydrodynamic Printed Sub-microscale Fibrous Architectures Improved Cell Attachment and Collagen Type I Deposition
with sub-microscale fibers can direct the osteogenic Acknowledgments
differentiation through prompting organic component
deposition (COL-I), while the sub-microscale fibrillar The authors sincerely thank Dr. Liying Liu at the
architectures have little effect on ironic component Biomedical Experimental Center of Xi’an Jiaotong
formation. University Health Science Center for her assistance
A series of life activity of bone-related cells was with cell culture and laser scanning confocal microscope
involved during the regeneration of bone tissues. Namely, experiments.
cells are recruited to the defect areas and then proliferate Funding
and differentiate to specific functional cell lines [40,41] .
Here, we fabricated scaffolds with microscale and/or This work was financially supported by the National Natural
sub-microscale fibrillar architectures, and mouse pre- Science Foundation of China (82072522, 52125501, and
osteoblast cell line MC3T-E1 was used to demonstrate 31971272), the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western
their potential for bone tissue regeneration. Cells initial Medicine Clinical Collaboration Innovation Project of
adhesion behaviors on scaffolds were investigated Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
since cellular migration is largely dependent on focal (2020-ZXY-003), the Key Research Project of Shaanxi
adhesion . Our results showed that cells on scaffolds Province (2020GXLH-Y-001, 2020GXLH-Y-021,
[34]
with sub-microscale fibers expressed more focal adhesion 2021GXLH-Z-028), Guangdong Basic and Applied
and can quickly spread and migrated into the spacing Basic Research Foundation (2020B1515130002), The
between fibers with the guidance of sub-microfibers. The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities and the
differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were evaluated by ALP Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
activity and COL-I expression, with the results showing
that scaffolds with sub-microfibers prompted COL-I Conflict of interest
deposition while have little effect on ALP activities.
It should be noted that there are several limitations in The authors declare no competing financial interest.
this study. About 0.5% nHA was added to sub-microscale Author contributions
fibrous architectures successfully and we found that the
ALP activity did increase to 8.68 ± 1.68 nmol/min/mg S.H., Z.M., Y.S., and X.Q. designed the experimental
protein compared to that of micro/sub-microscale fibrous plan and conducted the experiments. S.H. wrote the
architecture without nHA (6.89 ± 0.67 nmol/min/mg manuscript with support from Z.M., J.H., and W.W.
protein). However, due to the small size of nHA (about Detailed research results were collected and reviewed by
50 nm), most nHA particles were entrapped inside the J.Z., Y.L, Q.L, and M.M. J.H. and W.W. supervised the
sub-microscale PCL fibers (>500 nm), which might be project and conceived the original idea.
the main reason for no significant statistical difference
in the ALP results. One promising solution to improve References
bioactivity of the MS scaffolds in the future is to coat or
self-assemble functional nanomaterials on the surface of 1. Eliaz Nand Metoki N, 2017, Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics:
micro/sub-microscale fibrous architectures. Furthermore, A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating
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4. Conclusion 2. Florencio-Silva R, Sasso G R, Sasso-Cerri E, et al., 2015,
Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors
In the present study, we fabricated ECM-mimetic That Influence Bone Cells. Biomed Res Int, 2015:421746.
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architectures. The average diameter of microfibers and https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/421746
sub-microscale fibers is 20.51 ± 1.70 μm and 0.58 ± 0.51 3. Lin X, Patil S, Gao Y G, et al., 2020, The Bone Extracellular
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cell migration, and prompt COL-I deposition in vitro 4. Hogrebe NJ, Reinhardt JW, Gooch KJ, 2017, Biomaterial
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10 International Journal of Bioprinting (2022)–Volume 8, Issue 2