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Multifunctional 3D Bioprinting System for Construction of Complex Tissue Structure Scaffolds
A

B C D E

F G

H I J

Figure 10. Coupling results of using multiple nozzles. (A) Manufacturing process of composite scaffold hybrid printing of PCL and GelMA.
Image of PCL and GelMA hybrid structures, mesh (B), ring (C), meniscus (D), caput femoris (E), schematic (F), and image results (G) of the
combination of high-temperature fused deposition printing and electrospinning processes. (H, I) Schematic of the combination of various
cross-linking methods during the printing process. (J) Cell morphology results in printed grids, day 1 (i), day 4 (ii), day 7 (iii), and day 16
(iv). Scale bar: 5 mm (B-D,), 500 μm (G[i], J[i, ii]), 200 μm (G[ii, iv], J[iii]), 100 μm (G[iii, v, vi], J[iv, vi]), and 1 mm (J[v]).

began to degenerate (Figure 10J). Confocal 3D scans 5. Conclusion
show that cells are well stretched and grow together in
the hydrogel, enabling cell-to-cell connections (Figure. We have developed an unprecedented multifunctional
10J[i-vi]). modular 3D bioprinting system, a smart tablet based on

270 International Journal of Bioprinting (2022)–Volume 8, Issue 4