Page 385 - IJB-9-5

International Journal of Bioprinting Vascularized bone regeneration

Figure 3. In vitro degradation and surface mineralization of each scaffold group. (A) Degradation curves of each scaffold group. Release curves of (B)
4–
2+
SiO4 and (C) Ca . (D) pH value of each scaffold group. (E) After 35 days of degradation experiments, the surface mineralization of each scaffold group
was observed using SEM and EDS. Yellow represents calcium elements; blue represents phosphorus elements; scale bar = 10 µm.
also reflected in the quantitative analysis of ALP activity All of the above results indicate that the PMBG/TCP
(Figure 4D). The enhanced ALP activity of the PMBG/ scaffold possesses superior abilities to promote osteogenic
TCP scaffold group was attributed to its release of more differentiation.
calcium ions. ARS staining was also conducted in vitro to
evaluate the late-stage mineralization ability of BMSCs on To further elucidate the effect of PMBG/TCP scaffold
different scaffolds. After 14 days of induction, the PMBG on osteodifferentiation, several key target genes and
scaffold group had more mineralized nodules than the proteins involved in bone formation were investigated after
control group, and similarly, the PMBG/TCP scaffold 7 days of co-culture of BMSCs with the different scaffolds.
group had even more mineralized nodules (Figure 4E). The Immunofluorescence results indicated that the PMBG
quantitative results also demonstrated that the PMBG/TCP group promoted the expression of COL1 compared to the
scaffold had the highest mineral deposition (Figure 4F). control group, while the expression level of COL1 in the

Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023) 377 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.767