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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printed bioactive dressings for burn wound treatment

products, should be further advanced to ensure safe and Investigation: Fateme Fayyazbakhsh, Yue-Wern Huang,
effective deployment of these technologies in clinical Ming C. Leu
settings. Another promising avenue in wound healing Methodology: Fateme Fayyazbakhsh, Candy Sadler, Yue-
research is the advancement of stimuli-responsive dressings, Wern Huang, Delbert Day
i.e., smart dressings, capable of responding to specific Project administration: Ming C. Leu
physiological cues. For example, the pH-sensitive ion release Writing – original draft: Fateme Fayyazbakhsh
and tunable water release from BBG–hydrogel dressings can Writing – review & editing: Candy Sadler, Yue-Wern
be further investigated and combined with biosensors and Huang, Ming C. Leu
4D printing technologies to develop smart wound dressings
that can rapidly detect infection and release therapeutic Ethics approval and consent to participate
agents based on wound condition or environmental All in vivo experiments were approved by the Missouri S&T
parameters (pH, temperature, oxygen level, moisture level, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)
bacterial load, etc.). Another promising future direction in
wound healing research is the integration of bioinformatics (Reference No. 177-20).
and artificial intelligence in wound monitoring, assessment, Consent for publication
and documentation. The transparent appearance and
programmable functionality of the hydrogel–BBG dressings Not applicable.
can be combined with bioinformatics and artificial
intelligence technologies to potentially enhance wound Availability of data
care by providing objective wound assessments, automating To make the raw data used in this work available to readers,
wound documentation, and facilitating data-driven we can provide it upon request via email. Interested readers
decision-making. Finally, we envision that hydrogel–BBG can contact us directly at f.fba@mst.edu to inquire about
bioinks can be extended by incorporating stem cells and accessing the raw data..
other signaling factors to facilitate scarless wound healing
and complex chronic ulcers and radiation burn injuries. References
Overall, our findings presented in this paper hold significant
potential for improving patient outcomes and advancing the 1. Greenhalgh DG, 2019, Management of burns. N Engl J Med,
future research in the field of wound healing. 380(24): 2349–2359.

Acknowledgments 2. Stoica AE, Chircov C, Grumezescu AM, 2020, Hydrogel
dressings for the treatment of burn wounds: An up-to-date
The authors wish to express sincere thanks to Drs. Anthony overview. Materials, 13(12): 2853.
Convertine, Douglass Bristow, Nathan Leigh, Richard 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S.
Watters, and Baojun Bai for their consultation advice and Department of Health and Human Services, Burns: Fact
infrastructure support. Sheet. 2004.

Funding https://www.cdc.gov/masstrauma/factsheets/public/burns.
pdf.
This work was funded by Midwest Biomedical Accelerator 4. Zavlin D, Chegireddy V, Boukovalas S, et al., 2018, Multi-
Consortium (MBArC), an NIH Research Evaluation institutional analysis of independent predictors for burn
and Commercialization Hub (REACH), and by Ozark mortality in the United States. Burns Trauma, 6: 24–34.
Biomaterial Initiative (OBI).
5. Yu T-C, Zhang X, Smiell J, et al., 2020, Healthcare resource
utilization, treatment patterns, and cost of care among
Conflict of interest patients with thermal burns and inpatient autografting in
The authors declare they have no competing interests. two large privately insured populations in the United States.
Burns, 46(4): 825–835.
Author contributions 6. Sen CK, 2019, Human Wounds and Its Burden: An Updated
Conceptualization: Fateme Fayyazbakhsh, Yue-Wern Compendium of Estimates. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., New
York, United States 39–48.
Huang, Ming C. Leu, Delbert Day
Data curation: Fateme Fayyazbakhsh, Michael J. Khayat, 7. Kordestani SS, 2019, Atlas of Wound Healing-E-Book: A Tissue
Yue-Wern Huang Regeneration Approach, Elsevier, Missouri, United States.
Formal analysis: Fateme Fayyazbakhsh, Michael J. Khayat 8. Middelkoop E, Sheridan RL, 2018, 15—Skin substitutes
Funding acquisition: Fateme Fayyazbakhsh, Ming C. Leu and ‘the next level’. In: Herndon DN, editor. Total Burn

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 147 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0118