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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printing and bioprinting in urology

Figure 9. High-throughput extrusion bioprinting of kidney organoids holding promise for drug screening, disease modeling, and kidney organ
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transplantation (A–C) , and extrusion and sacrificial template method (D, E) . (A) Schematic diagram of extruded samples at different nozzle movement
speeds. (B) Fluorescence imaging of printed samples at different print speeds using MAFBmTAGBFP2 reporter line. (C) Immunofluorescence of printed
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samples. Reprinted with permission from ref. . Copyright 2020 Springer Nature. (D) Freeze-casting method for the fabrication of porous structures.
(E) Kidney scaffolds with vascular-like channels. Reprinted with permission from ref. under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License.
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targeted differentiation, offering promise for drug screening, line (Figure 9C) . Sämfors et al. designed and fabricated
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disease modeling, and kidney organ transplantation kidney scaffolds with interconnected macro porosity
(Figure 9A–C) . They also found that tissue thickness and vascular-like structures using extrusion printing
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could be precisely controlled by varying the ink extrusion and sacrificial template method (Figure 9D and E) .
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rate and nozzle movement speed (Figure 9A and B), and Blood vessels play a vital role in the proper functioning
the results showed that organoids with elongated lengths of the body’s organs, providing nutrients and oxygen for
had a larger total glomerular area than small and thick ones cellular activity and transporting waste products. Therefore,
stained by the MAFB gene promoter (MAFB mTagBFP2 ) reporter it is particularly important to construct vascular channels

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 336 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0969