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Recent metaheuristics on control parameter determination
methods in solving such problems has drawn the In the other study, a PSO-based optimal-PI con-
attention of scientists. troller has been designed for the stability analysis
of the various systems that have fractional-order
delay. 23
A novel fuzzy-PID method has been introduced
for the Generation Control of the electric sys-
tem by Arya. 13 The imperialist competitive op- This paper has studied the efficiency of the re-
timization method has been used for tuning the cent metaheuristic methods on the controller pa-
parameters of the system. Mohanty et al. have rameter determination. To evaluate the perfor-
presented an application to control the load fre- mance of current metaheuristic algorithms, the
quency in a multisource-power model. 14 The au- PI-controller’s gains are optimized to perform the
thors have adapted the differential evolution al- balancing and speed controls of a two-wheeled
gorithm to obtain the controller’s parameters. robot developed utilizing the normally unstable
Sathya et al. have developed a control struc- principles of the inverted pendulum. The ten
ture relying on a Bat-inspired method for con- metaheuristic algorithms recommended over the
trol of the load frequency on power systems. 15 past three years have been selected. The al-
The suggested approach is employed in the ther- gorithms are Political, Equilibrium, Aquila Op-
mal power system by tuning PI control param- timizers and Flow Directional, Cheetah, Artifi-
eters. The outcomes show that the suggested cial Rabbit, Golden Jackal, Gazelle, Pelican Opti-
approach outperforms the conventional PI and mization Algorithms. In terms of performance as-
fuzzy-based PI control. Sahu et al. have in- sessments, the application of selected algorithms
troduced a hybrid-optimization algorithm based in the optimization of control parameters, partic-
on Firefly and Pattern Search algorithms. 16 The ularly of a system with a usually unstable struc-
implementation of the controlling of the auto- ture, is significant. The PI control method was
matic generation system is performed based on utilized as the control method, the balancing and
the proposed hybrid method. The experimen-
the speed controls were performed separately, and
tal outcomes of the suggested method have been the optimization algorithms were optimized for
evaluated with a conventional parameter tuning four parameters of the controllers. The selected
method (Ziegler Nichols) and two modern opti- optimization algorithms were categorized into two
mization algorithms. The experimental results groups. First, despite being relatively young, al-
demonstrate the superior performance of the al- gorithms such as Equilibrium Optimizer (EO),
gorithm. Dash et al. have proposed a control Aquila Optimizer (AO), Pelican Optimization Al-
framework for the automatic generation relying gorithm (POA), and Golden Jackal Optimization
on the Cuckoo Search Optimizer. 17 In another (GJO) algorithms are extremely popular and suc-
study proposed by Dash et al., the Bat opti- cessful. The second category includes algorithms
mization method is applied to a PD-PID cas- that have yet to be proposed and have few ap-
cade control method. 18 The Cuckoo Search Al- plications, such as the Political Optimizer (PO),
gorithm has adapted to the PID control method Cheetah Optimization (CO), Artificial Rabbits
for the DC Motor control. 19 The suggested con- Optimization (ARO), Gazelle Optimization Al-
trol structure yields superior outcomes than the gorithm (GO), and Flow Directional Algorithm
parallel-PID control. The parameter determi- (FDA). In addition, the previously proposed al-
nation of the fuzzy-based PID frequency-control gorithms are also included to the study for a fair
method is realized with an improved grey wolf evaluations of the recent algorithms. The men-
algorithm for a power system. 20 To determine tioned older algorithms are Whale Optimization
the optimal LQR control parameters, the Pareto- Algorithm (WOA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO),
based optimization method has been developed Crow Search Algorithm (CSA), Covariance Ma-
by Wang et al. 21 Demirtas and Ahmad have in- trix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES),
troduced an optimization-based fractional-fuzzy- and Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA).
PI method for the power factor control in the AC
voltage. 22 The PSO algorithm has been adapted
to the problem to optimize the parameters of The rest of the paper is structured as follows: Sec-
the PI controller. Basic PI, fuzzy-based PI, tion 2 gives the introduction of the recent meta-
and fractional-order PI control the AC voltage. heuristic algorithms. Section 3 presents the ex-
It is reported that the improved hybrid control perimental studies, and the results are also given
method, which consists of fractional order and in Section 4. As for Section 5, the conclusion of
the basic PI, has produced better solutions than the study and its future directions are given in
the basic PI and fuzzy-based control methods. detail.
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