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Innovative Medicines & Omics Antioxidant nanomedicines for therapies

strategy for stem cell-based therapies by scavenging ROS 12.6. Depression treatment
and modulating the microenvironment. Depression is now the most common mental diseases
12.3. Tendon injury treatment in current society, but the efficacies of clinically used
antidepressants (e.g., risperidone) are not desirable.
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Tendon is the bridge between muscle and bone enabling Despite a complicated pathogenesis, it was indicated that
mechanical transmission. The trauma or continued oxidative stress and inflammation are key pathological
excessive tensile burdens can lead to tendon rupture, characteristics of depression. Antioxidants, such as
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decreasing motor ability and even resulting in disability. coenzyme Q10, N-acetylcysteine, and ascorbic acid have
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It is hard to repair tendon function after rupture due to been demonstrated with a certain extent of antidepression
the formation of an inflammatory microenvironment effect. 475-477 Recently, Fu et al. prepared a CeO -based
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where ROS are overexpressed and damage tenocytes. To nanomedicine with a high ROS-scavenging efficiency and
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scavenge excessive ROS and facilitate tendon regeneration, a desired BBB crossing ability. In a chronic restraint
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Wang et al. incorporated CeO nanoparticles in a porous stress-induced depressive mice model, the nanomedicine
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nanofiber bundle scaffold. CeO nanoparticle can was demonstrated to be capable of alleviating depression-
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modulate the oxidative microenvironment and promote related pathological changes. Further efforts are required
the survival of tendon-derived stem cells, while the to investigate the long-term effect of antioxidant therapy
nanofiber bundle scaffold provides biophysical cues of depression.
favoring proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. In
a rat Achilles tendon defect model, the scaffold accelerates 12.7. Acute pancreatitis treatment
the regeneration of collagen fibers with motor function, Acute pancreatitis is a serious pancreas abnormality that
evidencing its feasibility for treating tendon injury. activates pancreatic enzymes to lead to self-digestion of
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12.4. Periodontal disease treatment pancreatic tissue and even hemorrhage and necrosis.
Until now, no effective drug has been approved for treating
Periodontal disease is triggered by pathogen infection acute pancreatitis. Oxidative stress is a key initiator of
that initiates inflammation and ROS production. 467,468 acute pancreatitis, which results in oxidative damage to
Scavenging ROS is able to alleviate the symptoms of acinar cells, and activates an inflammatory cascade as well,
periodontal disease. Bao et al. prepared polydopamine finally leading to pancreas dysfunction. Antioxidant
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nanoparticles and used them to scavenge multiple ROS for molecule curcumin has been used for treating acute
mitigating periodontal disease. In a murine periodontitis pancreatitis, but its further application is limited due
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model, the polydopamine nanoparticles with antioxidative to low water solubility. 482,483 Yao et al. demonstrated that
polyphenol structures present high efficacy for decreasing bilirubin nanomedicine with antioxidative property
periodontal inflammation without distinct side effect. can be used for acute pancreatitis treatment. Xie et al.
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Very recently, Tian et al. used another polyphenol, also applied Prussian blue nanocatalysts in prophylactic
epigallocatechin gallate, to construct antioxidant treatment of acute pancreatitis (Figure 38). The Prussian
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nanomedicines for treating chronic periodontitis. The blue nanocatalyst with catalytic ROS-scavenging effect can
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antioxidant strategy can be combined with antibiotics for reduce DNA damage and phospholipid peroxidation of
elevating the therapeutic efficacy of periodontitis. acinar cells, and the inflammation is mitigated to prevent
the progression of pancreatitis.
12.5. Nasopalatal defect treatment
Orofacial prosthesis has been used in otorhinolaryngology 12.8. Ionizing irradiation injury treatment
for repairing maxillofacial regions of patients with Continuous exposure to ionizing irradiation in industry
congenital or traumatic deformity. Poly(methyl- or clinical therapy will lead to a severe damage to
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methacrylate) is a typical material of orofacial prosthesis hematopoietic system. The mechanism involves the
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due to its high biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and generation of ROS in hematopoietic stem cells that
reparability. Jin et al. added CeO nanoparticles in poly- leads to the damage of DNA and other biomolecules.
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(methyl methacrylate) for treating nasopalatal defect Nanomaterials with intrinsic antioxidative properties
(Figure 37). The orofacial prosthesis can reduce ROS have been used for radioprotection. Ren et al. indicated
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level in human gingival fibroblasts and prevent microbial that niobium carbide (Nb C) nanosheet can promote
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adhesion, regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. hematopoietic recovery after ionizing radiation by ROS
The engineering of antioxidant nanomedicines on scaffolds scavenging. Rageh et al. demonstrated that melanin
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has conferred a cytoprotective and bio-friendly interaction nanoparticles can provide protection against irradiation
to ambient cells surrounding the implant. in a mice model. As a typical antioxidant nanocatalyst,
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Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 42 doi: 10.36922/imo.2527