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Innovative Medicines & Omics Antioxidant nanomedicines for therapies

not induced by the same allergens. When antigens enter on follicular epithelial cells. Oxidative stress has been
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skin, Langerhans cells recognize and present antigens to indicated in the process of hair follicular miniaturization, by
naive CD T cells, initiating an inflammatory process. 427,428 initiating perifollicular inflammation and suppressing the
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Oxidative stress also involves in this process, which telogen-to-anagen conversion of hair follicles. Minoxidil
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promotes the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as is the only approved drug for treating androgenetic alopecia
IL-1β and TNF-α that activate T cells and macrophages, by vasodilating dermal blood vessels, but this drug cannot
thereby aggravating the symptoms. Kim et al. prepared address oxidative stress and the efficacy is not desirable. 436
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a CeO nanoparticle-embedded hydrogel patch to mitigate
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oxidative stress in inflamed skin for atopic dermatitis Antioxidant inorganic nanocatalysts have been applied
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treatment (Figure 31). In an atopic dermatitis mice in reversing hair follicular dysregulation. As inorganic
model, the composite hydrogel attached on the lesions nanoparticles permeate stratum corneum mainly through
shows therapeutic effects of decreased epidermal follicles, which are absent in regions of androgenetic
thickness, lowered expression of T helper 2 cytokines and alopecia, microneedles were used to for transdermal
immunoglobulin E, and inhibited infiltration of mast cells. administration of nanocatalysts through well-defined
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These results indicate that scavenging ROS is a feasible channels. In addition, the mechanical stimulation
approach to alleviate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. by microneedles on balding regions can remodel the
microvasculature facilitating hair regeneration. 438,439 Yuan
11.3. Androgenetic alopecia treatment et al. integrated CeO nanoparticles in microneedles for
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Hair loss is becoming prevalent among the current androgenetic alopecia treatment (Figure 32). CeO
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populations, significantly influencing body images of nanoparticles can modify the oxidative perifollicular
individuals. Androgenetic alopecia is the most common microenvironment to induce a faster telogen-to-anagen
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type of hair loss, affecting over 80% of men and 50% of transition of hair follicle compared with clinically used
women. This disease is characterized by hair follicular minoxidil. Zhang et al. reported the SOD-like activity of
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miniaturization as a consequence of androgen action MnPS nanosheets and integrated them with a microneedle
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Figure 31. Schematic illustration of the mechanism of CeO nanoparticle-embedded hydrogel patch for atopic dermatitis treatment. Reproduced with
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permission from Kim et al. Copyright © 2022, American Chemical Society.
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Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 37 doi: 10.36922/imo.2527