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Innovative Medicines & Omics Antioxidant nanomedicines for therapies

concentration of Mn species (Figure 27). The highly damage. The probiotic was further integrated with
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catalytic antioxidant nanoparticle was evidenced to be nanoparticles self-assembled by hyaluronic acid-
efficient in mitigating inflammation in a dextran sulfate poly(propylene sulfide) conjugate with an antioxidative
sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease model. activity for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Very
Gut microbiota has an important influence on human recently, we have also integrated two-dimensional
health. Probiotics have been used for treating intestinal H-silicene nanosheets with EcN as an oral delivery system
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diseases by modulating gut homeostasis, and some of for colitis treatment (Figure 28). The nanomaterial has
them were engineered to load functional agents (especially a high stability in acidic stomach, but can degrade in the
antioxidants). The intrinsic intestinal targeting property weakly alkaline intestinal tract to release antioxidative H
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of probiotics favors the accumulation of antioxidants in inflamed region, concurrently the probiotic bacteria can
in pathological regions. Zhong et al. used a helical- maintain the gut homeostasis.
shaped cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis, to load the Antioxidant nanocatalysts can be further integrated
antioxidant curcumin for alleviating colitis. The unique with probiotics for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
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spiral structure of Spirulina platensis enables easy trapping Cao et al. constructed a single-atom Fe-based nanocatalyst
by intestinal villi and its adhesion on intestinal wall, with both SOD and catalase-like activities, and engineered
prolonging the retention time of curcumin. During oral the nanocatalyst on the surface of Bifidobacterium
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administration of probiotics, the harsh gastric environment longum probiotic through click reaction (Figure 29).
will significantly reduce the viabilities of probiotics before The probiotic enables the targeting of conjugated single-
reaching intestinal tract. To solve this issue, Liu et al. used atom nanocatalysts to pathological regions, favoring ROS
norepinephrine to encapsulate Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 scavenging and inflammation alleviation. The intestinal
(EcN), protecting them from external environmental barrier functions were repaired and the gut microbiota

Figure 27. Schematic illustration of the design principle of LiMn O nanocatalyst for catalytic therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Reproduced with
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permission from Wang et al. Copyright © 2022, Wiley-VCH.
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Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 34 doi: 10.36922/imo.2527