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Innovative Medicines & Omics Antioxidant nanomedicines for therapies

nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticle (Figure 34). The damage spinal cord, leading to irreversible disruptions
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nanocatalyst has been demonstrated to be efficient in of neuronal circuitry and blood vessel. Ischemia-
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scavenging multiple ROS including O , H O , and •OH, reperfusion injury is triggered subsequently and excessive
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favorable for sepsis treatment. Yim et al. also evidenced ROS are produced to damage neurons. To modulate
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that transition-metal dichalcogenides, especially WS the oxidative microenvironment after spinal cord injury,
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nanosheets, can alleviate sepsis efficiently. 455 Xiong et al. used Mn O nanoparticles to initiate catalytic
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The endotoxin from pathogens is the pathological root antioxidation reactions in extrinsic neural environment.
of sepsis and should be removed from the septic blood. In a rat model, the antioxidant nanocatalyst can promote
Extracorporeal blood purification has been applied to reduce the proliferations of motor neurons, sensory neurons and
endotoxin level in the blood using adsorbents with cationic interneurons, facilitating motor function recovery.
ligands that can attract the negatively-charged endotoxins. Transplantation of stem cells has also been extensively
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Wei et al. prepared a microparticle self-assembled from cationic used for treating spinal cord injury, in which stem cells
polymer polyhexamethylguanidine and tannic acid, of which can differentiate into neurons to compensate the injured
polyhexamethylguanidine can remove endotoxin, while ones. The oxidative microenvironment after spinal
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tannic acid with polyphenol structure can alleviate oxidative cord injury reduces the survival rate of stem cells, largely
stress (Figure 35). Hemoperfusion simulation experiments compromising therapeutic efficiency. Li et al. prepared a
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further evidence the high efficacy of the microparticle for MnO nanoparticle-embedded hydrogel that can alleviate
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sepsis treatment. This work provides a feasible approach for oxidative stress to promote the survival of mesenchymal
clearing endotoxin and ROS concurrently using designed stem cells adhered on the hydrogel (Figure 36). In a long-
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adsorbents during blood purification. span rat spinal cord transection model, the antioxidative
gel facilitates neural differentiation of the implanted
12.2. Spinal cord injury treatment mesenchymal stem cells and regeneration of spinal cord
Spinal cord injury is initiated by various external physical tissue subsequently, enabling significant restoration of
interactions (such as traffic accidents) that severely motor function. This work provides a cytoprotective
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Figure 34. (A and B) Schematic illustration for the synthesis of single-atom Co nanocatalyst and its application in sepsis treatment. Reproduced with
permission from Cao et al. Copyright © 2020, Wiley-VCH.
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Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 40 doi: 10.36922/imo.2527