Page 66 - IMO-2-1

Innovative Medicines & Omics Flavonoids against glycosidic hydrolase

Table 2. IC values and GRA analysis of flavonoids from FBSJ extracts
50
Peak α-amylase α-glucosidase
Correlation coefficient IC (mg/mL) Correlation coefficient IC (mg/mL)
50
50
P5 (Kaempferol) 0.787 0.33±0.05 0.678 0.19±0.05
P4 (Quercetin) 0.783 0.29±0.03 0.669 0.06±0.01
P6 (Isorhamnetin) 0.777 1.1±0.10 0.664 0.21±0.06
P3 (Narcissoside) 0.781 >5 0.644 5.04±0.02
P2 (Kaempferol-3-rutinoside) 0.777 >5 0.64 3.00±0.03
P1 (Rutin) 0.772 ND 0.626 0.99±0.01
Abbreviations: ND: No activity detected; GRA: Grey relation analysis.

Table 3. Comparative index of different solvent extracts of various substances and inhibition of α- amylase activity
30% 50% ethanol 70% ethanol 90% ethanol Ethyl acetate Water
ethanol
30% ethanol -- 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↑6 ↑ I↓** 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓** 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↑ 5↓6 ↑ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
50% ethanol -- -- 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓** 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↑ 5↓6 ↑ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
70% ethanol -- -- -- 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↑ 5↓6 ↓ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↑ 5↑6 ↑ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
90% ethanol -- -- -- -- 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↑ 5↑6 ↑ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
ethyl acetate -- -- -- -- -- 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
water -- -- -- -- -- --
Note: 1=Rutin; 2=Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside; 3=Narcissoside; 4=Quercetin; 5=Kaempferol; 6=Isorhamnetin; I=inhibition; ↑/↓ = contrast peak area or
inhibition activity rise or fall. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
Table 4. Comparative index of different solvent extracts of various substances and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity

30% 50% ethanol 70% ethanol 90% ethanol Ethyl acetate Water
ethanol
30% ethanol -- 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↑6 ↑ I↑* 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↑** 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↑ 5↓6 ↑ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
50% ethanol -- -- 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓** 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↑ 5↓6 ↑ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
70% ethanol -- -- -- 1↑2 ↑ 3↑4 ↑ 5↓6 ↓ I↓** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↑ 5↑6 ↑ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
90% ethanol -- -- -- -- 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↑ 5↑6 ↑ I↑** 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
Ethyl acetate -- -- -- -- -- 1↓2 ↓ 3↓4 ↓ 5↓6 ↓ I↓**
Water -- -- -- -- -- --
Note: 1=Rutin; 2=Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside; 3=Narcissoside; 4=Quercetin; 5=Kaempferol; 6=Isorhamnetin; I=inhibition; ↑/↓ =contrast peak area or
inhibition activity rise or fall. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
Table 5. Integral method score table relationship between the slope and inhibitor concentration
(as shown in the insets of Figure 2A-D) proving that these
Compound α-amylase α-glucosidase flavonoids bind to a single inhibition site on α-amylase and
(score) (score)
α-glucosidase. 35
P4 (Quercetin) 27 15
P5 (Kaempferol) 15 14 The K and K values for quercetin, kaempferol, and
is
i
P6 (Isorhamnetin) 21 20 their interactions with the two enzymes were calculated
according to equations (2) – (7). The pertinent outcomes
36
P4 (Rutin) 6 11 were displayed in Table 6. For kaempferol, the K value was
i
P2 (Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside) 6 11 lower than the K value, suggesting that kaempferol binds
is
P3 (Narcissoside) 6 11 more tightly to α-amylase and α-glucosidase than the
enzyme-substrate interaction. However, quercetin inhibited
Similarly, kaempferol exhibited a mixed inhibition manner α-amylase competitively, indicating that quercetin binds
for both α-amylase and α-glucosidase. 33,34 The linear directly to α-amylase and competes with the substrate. For
Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 60 doi: 10.36922/imo.6010