Page 33 - ITPS-6-2

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Residual versus curative antimalarial tests

Table 2. Medicinal plant used in combinations in the 14
treatment of malaria in Omu‑Aran, Kwara State Aqueous
Organic
No Plants in combinations
12
1 Citrus aurantifolia (leaves and root bark), Lawsonia inermis
2 Magnifera indica (stem bark), Chromolaena odorata
3 Chromolaena odorata, Senna siamea, Tithonia diversifolia 10
4 Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Chromolaena odorata
5 Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Nauclea latifolia 8
6 Tithonia diversifolia, Ocimum basilicium, Chromolaena odorata Number of extracts
7 Magnifera indica, Psidium guajava, Chromolaena odorata 6
8 Magnifera indica (male), Carica papaya (withered leaves),
Chromolaena odorata
9 Magnifera indica, Anarcadium occidentale, Chromolaena odorata 4
10 Magnifera indica, Anarcadium occidentale, Lawsonia inermis
11 Lawsonia inermis, Magnifera indica, Psidiumguajava
2
12 Anarcadium occidentale, Azardirachta indica, Carica papaya,
Chromolaena odorata
13 Magnifera indica, Anarcadium occidentale, Azadirachta indica, 0
Chromolaena odorata High Moderate Weak No activity
14 Magnifera indica, Anarcadium occidentale, Azadirachta indica, Figure 2. The curative antimalarial activity of the selected medicinal plant
Morinda lucida (aqueous and organic extracts).
15 Magnifera indica, Anarcadium occidentale, Citrus aurantifolia,
Lawsonia inermis 3.2.1.2 N. latifolia
The curative antimalarial activity of the aqueous and DCM-
doses administered in the curative tests, one dose exhibited MeOH (1:1) extracts from both the leaves and stem bark of
high activity (PCS >60%), 6 showed moderate activity, 22 N. latifolia was found to be very poor, ranging from weakly
displayed weak activity, and 13 showed no activity (PCS ≤0) active (16.51%) to inactive (−56.93%) (Table 4). The mean
(Figure 2). The dichloromethane-methanol (DCM-MeOH) survival time (MST) of P. berghei-infected mice treated with
(1:1) extracts generally displayed greater antiplasmodial N. latifolia ranged from 6.80 ± 1.09 to 10.20 ± 1.10 days,
potential compared to the aqueous extracts. Two of the while the groups treated with chloroquine and the vehicle
aqueous groups exhibited moderate activity, 12 had weak had MTS between 13.00 ± 4.55 and 13.75 ± 1.89 days and
activity, and 13 showed no activity, while 1 DCM-MeOH 7.60 ± 0.55 to 9.80 ± 1.64 days, respectively (Table 4).
(1:1) dose displayed high activity, 4 showed moderate
activity, 10 exhibited weak activity, and 6 had no activity 3.2.1.3 T. diversifolia
(PCS ≤0). However, despite the observed activity, there was The organic (DCM-MeOH [1:1]) extract of T. diversifolia
no significant (P < 0.05) increase in survival days. Notably, leaves exhibited high activity against established infection,
most of the chloroquine-treated (positive) groups exhibited with PCS of 66.13%. The aqueous extract also displayed
significant survival days (Tables 3-7). The activities elicited moderate activity at the highest tested dose. However,
by selected medicinal plants are further elaborated below. in the 400 mg/kg organic group, most of the mice died
before the end of the experiment, making it impossible
3.2.1.1 M. lucida
to determine the PCS at this concentration (Table 5). The
The curative activity of M. lucida leaves extracts ranged MST in the T. diversifolia-treated group ranged from 7.25 ±
from inactivity (PCS ≤0%) to weak activity (PCS <30%), 0.5 to 13.00 ± 4.24 days. The positive and negative control
while the stem bark aqueous and DCM-MeOH (1:1) groups had MST between 14.00 ± 2.45 to 14.67 ± 1.15 days
extracts demonstrated moderate activity with PC of and 7.40 ± 0.55 to 9.50 ± 1.73 days, respectively (Table 5).
43.45% and 51.14%, respectively, at doses of 100 mg/kg and
400 mg/kg (Table 3). In terms of survival days, the highest 3.2.1.4 L. inermis
recorded value among M. lucida-treated infected mice was L. inermis exhibited curative activity ranging from weak
10.60 ± 1.95, while positive and negative control groups to moderate. The DCM-MeOH (1:1) extract at 400 mg/
had values of 18.20 ± 4.82 and 11.20 ± 2.75, respectively. kg showed a PCS of 34.79% (Table 6). The activity was

Volume 6 Issue 2 (2023) 6 https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.0300