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138 Abtahi et al. | Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2024; 10(2): 119-140
Table A6. (Continued)
Factors Data set Definition CVR CVR assessment
(critical, essential,
or rejected)
PCT PCT is a protein that indicates bacterial infection and sepsis [67]. 0.2 Essential
Ferritin Ferritin is an iron-storage protein and an indicator of artery and inflammatory −0.2 Rejected
diseases [68].
Cardiac Cardiac troponin Cardiac troponin is the main marker for cardiac infarction [69] 0.4 Essential
biomarkers and D-dimers D-dimers are byproducts of a blood clot and can indicate thrombosis [70]. 0.6 Essential
tests for the
cardiovascular
system
Coagulation AT AT activity is measured to diagnose thrombotic disorders [71]. −0.2 Rejected
screening PT PT measures the function of the external coagulation pathway [60]. 0 Essential
Fibrinogen Fibrinogen is a preceding substance that transforms into fibrin [72]. 0 Essential
Other factors GFR Indicates the flow of plasma from the glomerulus into Bowman’s space in a specific 0.8 Critical
period [73].
SpO at admission SpO at admission refers to the pulse oximetry-derived SpO in room air at the first 0.2 Essential
2 2 2
hospital admission [36].
CURB-65 score The CURB-65 score is a scoring system that plays a role in patient mortality [76]. 0.4 Essential
Abbreviations: AT: Anti-thrombin; BMI: Body mass index; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein;
CURB-65: Confusion, blood urea > 42.8 mg/dL, RR > 30/min, blood pressure < 90/60 mmHg, age > 65; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; CVR: Content validity ratio; eGFR: Estimated glomerular
filtration rate; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-8: Interleukin-8; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; PCT: Procalcitonin; PT: Prothrombin; RR: Respiratory rate; SpO : Oxygen
2
saturation; TNF-alpha: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; WBC: White blood cell.

Table A7. The contributing factors in clinical decision-making on ICU referrals of COVID-19 patients
Factors Data set Definition CVR CVR assessment (critical,
essential, or rejected)
Demographics and Age Age refers to the patient’s age based on the year. 0.4 Essential
medical history Sex Sex refers to the gender of the patient. −1 Rejected
BMI or obesity BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to 0.8 Critical
adult men and women.
History of diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood 0.4 Essential
sugar levels over a long period [48].
History of cancer or Cancer is the abnormal growth of cells. The term malignancy refers to the 0.8 Critical
malignancy presence of cancerous cells that can spread to other sites in the body [49,50].
History of any CVD CVD is any disease of the heart or any disorder associated with blood 0.4 Essential
vessels [51].
History of renal function CKD is the presence of kidney damage or an eGFR of < 60 mL/min per 1 Critical
impairment or CKD 1.73 m for more than 2 months [52].
2
History of respiratory The most common respiratory diseases include COPD, asthma, 1 Critical
disease pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer [53].
History of liver disease Liver/hepatic disease is a type of damage to or disease of the liver that 0.6 Essential
can be chronic or acute [54].
History of autoimmune An autoimmune disease refers to any condition in which the immune 0.6 Essential
disease system mistakenly attacks the body [55].
History of Immunosuppressive drugs are a type of drug that suppresses or reduces 0.2 Essential
immunosuppressive drug the strength of the body’s immune system [56].
use
History of hypertension Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, which increases the risk of 0 Essential
heart disease, stroke, and sometimes death [57].
Other chronic conditions or Comorbidity is defined as the concurrence of more than one disorder in an 0.4 Essential
co-morbidity individual [58].
Signs and symptoms RR RR is one of the main vital signs, referring to the number of breaths a 0.8 Critical
person takes per minute
Body temperature at Body temperature at admission refers to the patient’s body temperature −0.4 Rejected
admission measurement during the first visit.
(Cont’d...)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36922/jctr.22.00226