Page 64 - JCTR-11-4

Journal of Clinical and
Translational Research AR-TAVR coaxiality assessment using 3DP

Figure 3. All-cause mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement at 3-year follow-up between groups. A total of 228 patients in the 3DP group and
384 patients in the non-3DP group were included in the analysis. Survival curves for all-cause mortality were generated using Kaplan–Meier estimates and
compared using the log-rank statistics.
Note: ***p<0.001.
Abbreviation: 3DP: Three-dimensional printing.

A simulation based on 3DP; and (iii) PVL occurrence is
closely related to coaxiality performance, which can be
quantified using the coaxiality index.
In general, AR is more common than AS in the Chinese
population. Studies have shown that in individuals over
75 years of age, the incidence of ≥ moderate AR is as high
as 2.85%, and the proportion of severe AR is higher than
13
that of severe AS. The reason for this is that in the United
B States and European countries, AR is more common in
the elderly and is often associated with degenerative aortic
valve disease. 14,15 In contrast, in the Chinese population,
the onset age of AR is earlier, and a larger proportion of
cases are related to rheumatic heart disease or sequelae of
infection. 16,17 In addition, the prevalence of hypertension
in China is as high as 30%, but the control rate is low;
long-term uncontrolled hypertension may accelerate the
dilation of the aortic root and the progression of AR. 18

Although patients may remain asymptomatic and
Figure 4. Comparison of PVL severity (A) and NYHA class (B) between maintain normal left ventricular systolic function for years
19
groups. A total of 228 patients in the 3DP group and 384 patients in the after AR diagnosis, the onset of symptoms indicates the
non-3DP group were analyzed at the 30-day follow-up. At the 6-month possible presence of severe myocardial dysfunction. The
follow-up, 225 patients in the 3DP group and 376 patients in the non- annual mortality rate of patients with New York Heart
3DP group were analyzed. At the 1-year follow-up, 224 patients in the Association functional class III is as high as 24.6%. 20
3DP group and 370 patients in the non-3DP group were analyzed. At the
3-year follow-up, 215 patients in the 3DP group and 351 patients in the The latest guidelines recommend that SAVR remain the
non-3DP group were analyzed. The Fisher exact test was used to compare first-line treatment for AR, 14,15 even though many patients
categorical variables.
Abbreviations: NYHA: New York Heart Association; PVL: Paravalvular with AR are unable to undergo SAVR due to advanced age
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leakage; 3DP: Three-dimensional printing. or comorbidities and may benefit from TAVR. However,

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 58 doi: 10.36922/jctr.24.00084