Page 81 - JCTR-9-4

Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2023; 9(4): 297-307

Journal of Clinical and Translational Research

Journal homepage: http://www.jctres.com/en/home

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Racial and gender-based disparities and trends in common psychiatric

conditions for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the United
States: an 11-year national cross-sectional study

Hassam Ali , Faisal Inayat *, Talia F. Malik , Pratik Patel , Sobaan Taj , Arslan Afzal , Gul Nawaz , Rizwan Ishtiaq , Ali Jaan ,
3
7
5
4
1
2
1
6
2
Lucia Angela Smith-Martinez , Karina Fatakhova , Ramona Rajapakse 4
8
4
2
1 Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA, Department of Internal Medicine,
Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, Department of Internal Medicine, Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University
3
of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Gastroenterology, Mather Hospital and Hofstra University Zucker School of
4
Medicine, Port Jefferson, NY, USA, Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, USA, Department of
5
6
Internal Medicine, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA, Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital,
7
Rochester, NY, USA, Department of Psychiatry, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
8
ARTICLE INFO Abstract
Article history: Background and Aim: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, debilitating disease that has
Received: December 23, 2022 been extensively studied. However, the clinical evidence remains limited regarding the racial and
Revised: June 09, 2023 gender-based disparities in psychiatric illnesses in IBD patients. We aim to evaluate trends and socio-
Accepted: July 11, 2023 demographic disparities in psychiatric disorders in patients with IBD.
Published online: August 22, 2023 Methods: The United States National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was retrospectively
investigated from 2009 to 2019 to report trends and disparities in common psychiatric comorbidities
Keywords: in hospitalized patients with IBD.
Inflammatory bowel disease Results: For the study period (2009–2019), the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in IBD
Psychiatric disorders patients increased from 0.36% to 1.78%, depression increased from 9% to 13%, attention-deficit hyperactivity
Race disorder increased from 0.49% to 2%, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increased from 0.39%
Gender to 1.23% (P < 0.001). The prevalence of somatization (0.004%), schizophrenia (0.43%), schizoaffective
Disparities disorder (0.18%), and bipolar disorder (2.28%) showed no significant trend (P > 0.05). Compared to males,
Population-based trends females had a higher association with GAD, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.74 (95% confidence
interval [CI]: 1.54–1.97, P < 0.001), depression (aOR = 1.85 [95% CI: 1.79–1.92] P < 0.001), bipolar
*Corresponding authors: disorder (aOR = 1.39 [95% CI: 1.29–1.51] P < 0.001), PTSD (aOR = 1.38 [95% CI: 1.21–1.57] P < 0.001),
Faisal Inayat and chronic fatigue (aOR = 2.91 [95% CI: 1.71–4.95] P < 0.001). Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Native
Allama Iqbal Medical College, Allama Shabbir Americans had a lower association with psychiatric illnesses compared to Whites (P < 0.001).
Ahmad Usmani Road, Faisal Town, Lahore, Conclusions: This population-based study shows a rising prevalence of common psychiatric disorders
54550, Punjab, Pakistan. in hospitalized patients with IBD, particularly in females. These mental illnesses were more commonly
Cell: +92 321 774 3758 associated with Whites than Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Native Americans.
Fax: +92 42 9923 1443 Relevance for Patients: Our findings highlight the need for effective screening and treatment protocols
Email: faisalinayat@hotmail.com
for psychiatric disorders in patients with IBD. It can potentially improve the quality of life and medication
adherence and reduce the use of valuable healthcare resources. Prompt recognition of these mental illnesses
© 2023 Author(s). This is an Open-Access followed by early treatment initiation can be of paramount clinical importance for sustained IBD remission.
article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial
License, permitting all non-commercial use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, 1. Introduction
provided the original work is properly cited.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, progressive condition affecting an
estimated 4.90 million individuals worldwide [1]. Conventionally, it is considered a
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18053/jctres.09.202304.22-00231