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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Flexural behavior of bio-inspired sutures

could be utilized to join dissimilar materials without https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126195
any external joining treatments. Finally, large modular 3. Du Plessis A, Broeckhoven C, Yadroitsava I, et al., 2019,
parts could be manufactured by connecting small Beautiful and functional: A review of biomimetic design in
pieces through the interlocking technique without additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf, 27: 408–427.
limiting to the small part volume in many 3D printers. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.03.033
Based on our results, we conclude that depending on 4. Plocher J, Mencattelli L, Narducci F, et al., 2021, Learning
the desired mechanical performance, different suture from nature: Bio-inspiration for damage-tolerant high-
designs can be utilized to achieve a decent outcome. For performance fibre-reinforced composites. Compos Sci
example, when high energy absorption is required, S3 Technol, 208: 108669.
design could be benefited, and when a higher load-bearing https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108669
action is required, S1 design could be highly effective. From
the results of this research, it is evident that bio-inspired 5. Liu J, Li S, Fox K, et al., 2022, 3D concrete printing of
bioinspired bouligand structure: A study on impact
suture structures can be further optimized to enhance resistance. Addit Manuf, 50: 102544.
their performances, providing countless advantages for
many engineering applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102544
6. Tee YL, Maconachie T, Pille P, et al., 2021, From nature to
Acknowledgments additive manufacturing: Biomimicry of porcupine quill.
Mater Des, 210: 110041.
The authors acknowledge the facilities and the scientific
and technical assistance of the Advanced Manufacturing https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110041
Precinct, the Rheology and Materials Characterization 7. Peng C, Tran P, 2020, Bioinspired functionally graded gyroid
Laboratory at RMIT University. sandwich panel subjected to impulsive loadings. Compos B
Eng, 188: 107773.
Funding
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107773
This research received no external funding. 8. Achrai B, Wagner HD, 2013, Micro-structure and
Conflict of interest mechanical properties of the turtle carapace as a biological
composite shield. Acta Biomater, 9: 5890–5902.
The authors declare no conflict of interest. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.023

Author contributions 9. Krauss S, Monsonego‐Ornan E, Zelzer E, et al., 2009,
Mechanical function of a complex three‐dimensional suture
Conceptualization: Phuong Tran joining the bony elements in the shell of the red‐eared slider
turtle. Adv Mater, 21: 407–412.
Data curation: Sachini Wickramasinghe
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801256
Funding acquisition: Truong Do
10. Lee N, Horstemeyer M, Rhee H, et al., 2014, Hierarchical
Methodology: Phuong Tran multiscale structure-property relationships of the red-
Supervision: Phuong Tran bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) beak. J R Soc
Interf, 11: 20140274.
Writing—original draft: Sachini Wickramasinghe
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0274
Writing—review and editing: Truong Do, Phuong Tran
11. Liu Z, Zhang Z, Ritchie RO, 2020, Interfacial toughening
All authors have read and agreed to the published effect of suture structures. Acta Biomater, 102: 75–82.
version of the manuscript. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.034
References 12. Vincent JF, Wegst UG, 2004, Design and mechanical
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