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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Multi-material Ti6Al4V-B4C through L-DED

grains, attributed to grain refinement caused by the limited doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.01.126
absorption of boron and carbon. This metal AM approach 4. Peters M, Kumpfert J, Ward CH, Leyens C. Titanium alloys
can increase the service life of Ti6Al4V parts by adding a for aerospace applications. Adv Eng Mater. 2003;5(6):
protective hard layer on the outer surface. 419-427.
Acknowledgments doi: 10.1002/adem.200310095

The authors acknowledge experimental support from Mr. 5. Zhang T, Liu CT. Design of titanium alloys by additive
Aruntapan Dash and Dr. Jose Avila. manufacturing: A critical review. Adv Powder Mater.
2022;1(1):100014.
Funding doi: 10.1016/j.apmate.2021.11.001
This study was supported by the National Science 6. Traxel KD, Bandyopadhyay A. Designing high-temperature
Foundation (grant number: CMMI 1934230). oxidation-resistant titanium matrix composites via directed
energy deposition-based additive manufacturing. Mater
Conflicts of interest Des. 2021;212:110205.

The authors declare that they have no known competing doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110205
interests. 7. Boyer RR, Briggs RD. The use of β titanium alloys in the
aerospace industry. J Mater Eng Perform. 2005;14:681-685.
Author contributions
doi: 10.1361/105994905X75448
Conceptualization: Amit Bandyopadhyay
Formal analysis: Nathaniel W. Zuckschwerdt 8. Rack HJ, Qazi JI. Titanium alloys for biomedical applications.
Mater Sci Eng C. 2006;26(8):1269-1277.
Funding acquisition: Amit Bandyopadhyay
Investigation: Nathaniel W. Zuckschwerdt doi: 10.1016/J.MSEC.2005.08.032
Project administration: Amit Bandyopadhyay 9. Bandyopadhyay A, Dash A, Squires L, et al. Wire-
Supervision: Amit Bandyopadhyay arc directed energy deposition of monolithic and
Writing – original draft: Nathaniel W. Zuckschwerdt bimetallic structures of maraging 250 steel. Virtual Phys
Writing – review and editing: Amit Bandyopadhyay Prototyp. 2024;19(1):e2296127.

Ethics approval and consent to participate doi: 10.1080/17452759.2023.2296127
10. Anil Kumar V, Gupta RK, Prasad MJ, Narayana Murty SV.
Not applicable.
Recent advances in processing of titanium alloys and
Consent for publication titanium aluminides for space applications: A review.
J Mater Res. 2021;36(3):689-716.
Not applicable. doi: 10.1557/s43578-021-00104-w

Availability of data 11. Dash A, Bandyopadhyay A. 17-4 PH and SS316L bimetallic
structures via additive manufacturing. Virtual Phys
Data are available from the corresponding author upon Prototyp. 2024;19(1):e2292695.
reasonable request.
doi: 10.1080/17452759.2023.2292695
References 12. Squires L, Roberts E, Bandyopadhyay A. Radial bimetallic

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Volume 3 Issue 3 (2024) 11 doi: 10.36922/msam.3571