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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Gyroid non-pneumatic tires through additive manufacturing

Figure 13. Local deformation normalized against local (radial) relative
density in the 1 mm tire design
Figure 10. Local deformation across different band regions (L0 – L3) for
uniform-sheet thickness non-pneumatic tires

Figure 14. Local deformation normalized against local (radial) relative
density in the 1 – 1.5 mm tire design
Figure 11. Local deformation across different band regions (L0 – L3) for
the 1 – 1.5 mm sheet thickness non-pneumatic tires

Figure 15. Local deformation normalized against local (radial) relative
density in the 1 – 2 mm tire design

Figure 12. Local deformation across different band regions (L0 – L3) for
the 1 – 2 mm sheet thickness non-pneumatic tires 4. Discussion
4.1. Quasi-static compression and FEA
design. Although L3, the outermost region, still exhibits
the highest deformation, it is reduced by 58% compared To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that
to the uniform thickness design, indicating that the explores the application of functionally graded TPMS
outer region achieves significantly higher stiffness in the gyroid structures to NPTs. The designed stiffness of the
gradient design. Overall, the middle regions (L1 and L2) radial UCs significantly differs among the three TPMS
and the periphery (L3) benefit from improved stiffness NPT designs due to variations in sheet thickness. The
control due to the local thickness variation, leading to experimental and FEA results revealed that the ramped
a more uniform deformation pattern, as opposed to the designs, 1.0 – 1.5 mm, and 1.0 – 2.0 mm, exhibit a 20%
deformation behavior observed in the uniform thickness and 53% increase in stiffness, respectively, compared to the
tire. uniform thickness NPT. This demonstrates a proportional

Volume 3 Issue 4 (2023) 9 doi: 10.36922/msam.5022