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Arts & Communication Advanced macro-image model for poetry translation

(the subtext of a significant part of the work). Whether or Regarding the translation of the name-surname
not a name is endowed with a symbolic meaning, direct or “Flammonde,” given the absence of an existing Ukrainian
hidden, or associations independent of context, does not version of this poem, we suggest that an appropriate
diminish its role in this process. approach would involve using the transcription for the
Footnotes and explanations are necessary when name, accompanied by a footnote explaining its meaning.
translating figurative names that significantly affect the However, this method may inevitably lead to some loss of
creation of implied sense. For example, in London’s novel imagery.
“Martin Eden,” the surname “Eden” evokes connotations Another example of creating a subsemantic image can
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of “paradise” and plays a role in establishing an implied be found in Frost’s poem “The Death of the Hired Man,”
sense throughout the title and the character’s name. where one of the main characters is named “Warren.”
The resolution of the central conflict, between justice and
Authors may also use proper names to allude to
proverbs, literary reminiscences, traditions, events, or mercy, hinges on the character’s perspective. The author
does not explicitly favor any side, and he makes this clear
habits, thereby influencing the reader’s perceptions of the in two ways. First, the main character, the hired man Silas,
character and forming a subtext-associative background dies, and the question is resolved by itself. The second
for this character. A notable example is Robinson’s poem way of expressing the hidden meaning lies in the name of
titled “Flammonde,” which explores how high society the one whose opinion is meant to be decisive. The name
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often overlooks or misunderstands those it elevates to high “Warren” in the English language is “maze” or “labyrinth.”
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social status.
In this way, the author suggests that the situation faced by
Without yet considering other means of creating a Warren is complex and convoluted, mirroring his internal
subsemantic image in this work (the title and dispersed struggle, like a labyrinth where there may not be a way out.
distant repetition), we will focus only on the name, which
Due to this, the translator must navigate a dual challenge:
serves as one of the main implied sense markers, carrying preserving the external form of the name to reflect the
the main burden of its creation.
national tone of the spirit of the text while conveying its
The title of the poem, “Flammonde,” is of French origin, implicit semantics of the name “Warren.” Unfortunately,
carrying significant connotations that enhance its meaning. neither Boychenko nor Zenkevych successfully captured
The two components of the name—flamme, meaning flame this duality in their translations. Boychenko reproduced
and fire, or feverishness, passion, and love, and monde, this name by using a combination of transcription and
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meaning world, the human race, secular society, or people, transliteration, by resorting to a mixed type transformation
crowd, and mass of people. 67 – Воррен, while Zenkevych opted for transcription alone
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This semantic spectrum of this name indicates that the with Уоррен. As a result, both translations failed to convey
characters elevated to high status are often shaped not by significant meaning regarding the character’s name.
their conscience, talent, or other virtues, but by the people, Thus, associations caused by the name can serve not
a feverish mass of people, or a passionate crowd. The title only as an additional means of characterizing the lyrical
serves to draw attention to the central image of the poem, hero, but also as a means of generalization, typification,
where associations linked to the name are not only an and a source of additional meanings. Consequently, they
additional means of characterizing the protagonist, but become a tool for creating a subsemantic image in a poetic
also contribute to a broader generalization and typification work, which is often a dominant image requiring primary
within the narrative, creating a subsemantic image. attention during translation. During our research, more
This poem exemplifies the formal connection between than 30 means of creating a subsemantic image have been
the name, title, and text, as it uses both simple distant, discovered and studied, which is schematically represented
dispersed repetition and repetition in the form of a in Figure 3.
framework construction. The first phrase of the poem is The combination of the schematic representations
“The man Flammonde,” which appears four more times of autosemantic, synsemantic, and subsemantic image
in the text and is also placed at the very end. The name levels (Figures 1-3) forms the interpretation-translation
“Flammonde” is used two additional times, bringing the framework for the macro-image of a poetic work. The
total to seven occurrences in the poem, including the title method for its practical application is as follows: since each
and the frame construction. This repetition highlights poetic work is characterized by an individual configuration
another method of creating a subsemantic image, directing of image components, we imaginatively impose the macro-
the reader’s attention to the textual semantics of the proper image pattern onto the original text, discarding any absent
name. image components. We then clarify the quantitative and

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 16 doi: 10.36922/ac.5990