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Advances in Radiotherapy
& Nuclear Medicine Cone beam-focused GK dosimetric analysis

specific reference correction factors can further improve Formal analysis: Feng Zhang, Shuang Zhang
the consistency of dose output, providing a direction for Investigation: Shan-Chuan Li, Xiao-Feng Zhang, Feng
future improvements. Moreover, AI has the potential Zhang, Jun-Feng Wang, Shuang Zhang
to enhance our understanding of machine capabilities Methodology: Shan-Chuan Li, Feng Zhang, Shuang Zhang
(hardware) and refine algorithms (software) for dose Writing – original draft: Shan-Chuan Li, Feng Zhang,
calculation and treatment plan optimization. Shuang Zhang
Writing – review & editing: Feng Zhang, Jun-Feng Wang
6. Conclusion
To support the accuracy and safety evaluation of the Ethics approval and consent to participate
dosimetry for the next-generation cone beam-focused Not applicable.
gamma knife equipment, a measurement platform was
established using PMMA standard phantoms, finger Consent for publication
ionization chambers, and an electrometer. The physical Not applicable.
properties and baseline data for the physical model were
measured and analyzed, including the deviation of the Availability of data
positioning reference point, radiation field, dose gradient, Data are available from the corresponding author upon
and comprehensive error in dose calculation. Finally, based reasonable request.
on the TMR-OAR physical model, the accuracy of the
Smart Knife’s comprehensive dose calculation was verified. References
The findings confirmed the high precision of the Smart
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measurement points remaining below 3%. The maximum 2. Heck B, Jess‐Hempen A, Kreiner HJ, Schöpgens H, Mack A.
area overlap rate of the maximum dose region within Accuracy and stability of positioning in radiosurgery: Long-
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results highlight the excellent dosimetric performance of doi: 10.1118/1.2710949
the Smart Knife, confirming its safety, accuracy, and strong 3. Aland T, Kairn T, Kenny J. Evaluation of a Gafchromic EBT2
potential for clinical application. film dosimetry system for radiotherapy quality assurance.

Acknowledgments Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2011;34(2):251-260.
doi: 10.1007/s13246-011-0072-6
The authors acknowledge the assistance received from
Qi-Xing Han of CNNC Cheng Imaging (Xi’an) Medical 4. Cao HB. The Dosimetric Study of Body Gamma Knife. Master’s
Equipment Company, for the English translation of this Thesis. Tsinghua University; 2015. Available from: https://
article. cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10003-1015007280.htm
[Last accessed on 2024 May 10].
Funding 5. Xu H, Liu M, Zhao QJ, Zheng Y, Lu JR. Applied research of
Gamma knife detecting technique based on ImageL. China
This research is funded by the CNNC research project Med Equip. 2021;18(3):24-29.
“Smart Cobalt 60 cone beam-focused SRT system research
and development”. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2021.03.006
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Conflict of interest Evaluation of dose delivery accuracy of Gamma Knife by
All the authors are employees of CNNC. polymer gel dosimetry. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2005;6(3):
133-142.
Author contributions doi: 10.1120/jacmp.v6i3.2110

Conceptualization: Shan-Chuan Li, Shao-Run Gong, Gang 7. Mao K, Kang J, Dai T, Han Y, Wang Z. Quality control
Li, Chun-Li Zhang, Jun Li of gamma ray stereotactic radiotherapy. China Med

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