Page 103 - ESAM-1-2

Engineering Science in

Additive Manufacturing

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Hot isostatic pressing temperature effects on

the microstructure and mechanical properties
of laser powder bed fusion-manufactured

Hastelloy X

Bingqiu Wang 1 , Rongrong Huang 1 , Yiming Sun 2 , Xiaohui Zhou 1 , Linan
Xue 2 , Junjun Jiang 1 , Swee Leong Sing 3 , Bo Chen 1,4 , Xiaoguo Song 1,4 ,
and Caiwang Tan *
1,4
1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding and Joining of Materials and Structures, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
2 Department of Welding and Materials Engineering, Beijing Power Machinery Institute, Beijing,
China
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of
Singapore, Singapore
4 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Institute of Shipbuilding Technology,
Weihai, Shandong, China

Abstract

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of Hastelloy X alloy is an essential heat treatment process
*Corresponding author: in manufacturing hot-end components for aerospace engines. This study investigated
Caiwang Tan
(tancaiwang@hitwh.edu.cn) the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion-
manufactured Hastelloy X superalloy at room and high temperatures under various
Citation: Wang B, Huang R,
Sun Y, et al. Hot isostatic HIP treatments. The results showed that as the HIP temperature increased, the
pressing temperature effects recrystallization degree increased, with the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries
on the microstructure and decreasing from 49.7% at HIP1100 to 0% at HIP1210. The carbides along the grain
mechanical properties of laser
powder bed fusion-manufactured boundaries evolved from particle distribution at HIP1100 to chain-like distribution at
Hastelloy X. Eng Sci Add Manuf. HIP1180 and coarsened at HIP1210. In the room temperature tensile test, specimens
2025;1(2):025240015. treated at HIP1100 exhibited the highest tensile strength due to restrained dislocation
doi: 10.36922/ESAM025240015
slip, grain refinement strengthening, and carbide dispersion strengthening. In
Received: May 14, 2025 the high-temperature tensile test, significant carbide coarsening was induced at
Revised: June 20, 2025 HIP1100, while minimal changes were observed at HIP1180 and HIP1210. As the
HIP temperature increased, the tensile strength and elongation both improved due
Accepted: June 23, 2025
to the synergistic effect of the reduced number of grain boundaries and chain-like
Published online: June 30, 2025 distribution of carbides. The cracks primarily propagated along the grain boundaries,
Copyright: © 2025 Author(s). with the HIP1210 specimen showing a better capacity for crack inhibition.
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Keywords: Hastelloy X superalloy; Laser powder bed fusion; High temperature tensile
License, permitting distribution, test; Microstructure; Carbide
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with 1. Introduction
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional Hastelloy X superalloy is a key structural material in the present aerospace industry
affiliations. due to its excellent high-temperature creep strength and exceptional corrosion

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2025) 1 doi: 10.36922/ESAM025240015