Page 66 - ESAM-1-4

Engineering Science in
Additive Manufacturing EST manipulates structure of Ti-6Al-4V/Cu

A B C

D E F

G H I

J K L

Figure 2. Interface microstructural morphology at different current densities. (A, D, G, J) microstructures of EST-0, EST-1, EST-2, and EST-3 at low
magnification (×50); (B, E, H, K) microstructures of EST-0, EST-1, EST-2, and EST-3 at medium magnification (×200); (C, F, I, L) microstructures of
EST-0, EST-1, EST-2, and EST-3 at high magnification (500×).
Abbreviation: EST: Electroshock treatment.

Cu-Cr-Zr is significant, the precipitation of CuTi may be ordered. These changes can be attributed to the influence
accompanied by the formation of Ti Cu. Figure 5 shows of electric current, which induced morphological
2
the SEM analysis results of the precipitated phases in the alterations in the Cu Ti phase.
4
MBZ region before and after EST. Figure 5A, D, G, and J Ti Cu is generated due to the thermal effect of EST, which
depict the MBZ interface regions of the Ti-6Al-4V/ 2
Cu-Cr-Zr metal matrix composite before and after EST, causes Cu to diffuse into the Ti lattice by displacement
33
respectively. Figure 5B, E, H, and K correspond to the diffusion. A small amount of Ti Cu is also precipitated
2
region near the Ti-6Al-4V coating, while Figure 5C, F, I, in the MBZ during LMD, causing the decomposition of
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and L correspond to the region near the Cu-Cr-Zr α’ → α + Ti Cu through the distribution of solute Cu. The
2
substrate. After EST at different current densities, diffusion coefficient of Cu is expressed by the Arrhenius
precipitates primarily consisting of Ti Cu and CuTi equation. 35
2
formed in the MBZ, predominantly on the side adjacent D = D exp (−Q/RT) (1)
to the Ti-6Al-4V coating, as seen in Figure 5E, H, and K. 0
Based on the temperature-dependent reaction equation, Where D is the diffusion constant of solute atoms, D is
0
the phase within the CuTi phase is Ti Cu. The Cu Ti phase the diffusion constant, Q is the activation energy, R is the
2
4
near the Cu-Cr-Zr substrate underwent transformation, gas constant, and T is the temperature. Spherical particles
changing from an initial circular shape to an elliptical of Ti Cu can enhance the ductility and processability of the
2
form, with its orientation shifting from disordered to alloy, whereas the acicular or lamellar particles significantly
Volume 1 Issue 4 (2025) 5 doi: 10.36922/ESAM025430030