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Global Translational Medicine Deep learning by NMR-biochemical

Table 2. Clinical trials on NMR‑biochemical correlation (MRI+MRS and other biomarkers) using deep learning
Clinical trial Outcomes of MRS in the clinical trials and reviews References
Sleep apnea Echo-planar J-resolved spectroscopic imaging and compressed sensing validation study in obstructive sleep apnea. [20]
Multiple sclerosis Brain MRS of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: MRSI study [21]
Multiple sclerosis i. Clinical trials and clinical practice in multiple sclerosis. [22]
ii. High-field MR imaging and H-MR spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis: diagnostic MR imaging criteria. [23]
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iii. The role of MRS and fMRI in monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis: US National MS Society [24]
guidelines [25]
Brain tumor Reproducibility of localized 2D correlated MR spectroscopy. [26]
Prostate cancer Standard evaluation system in prostate endorectal MRSI. [27]
SCA2/MSA-C Proton MRSI in differentiation of SCA2 from MSA-C [28]
Obesity Effect of low-fat diets on intramyocellular and hepatocellular lipids: a randomized clinical trial [29]
Brain tumor MRI biomarkers in neuro-oncology [30]
Prion disease Combined diffusion imaging and MR spectroscopy in human prion diseases [31]
Glioblastoma Impact of MRSI on response assessment: glioblastoma clinical trials. [32]
Neurodegeneration In vivo imaging markers of neurodegeneration in substantia nigra [33]
Glioblastoma The theranostic ability of temozolomide follow‑up MRI+MRS and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping. [34]
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diffusion tensor MRI and MRS in the upper motor neuron in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [35]
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma MRS in multi-center trials and early results in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [36]
Breast cancer i. Hybrid multiparametric MRI-MRS-sodium MRI monitoring of breast cancers [37]
ii. 7 Tesla breast proton MRI-MRS, diffusion-weighted imaging for intrinsic sensitivity in breast cancer [38]
patients receiving non-adjuvant therapy
Low back pain In vivo MRS and T1ρ imaging: discography and Oswestry Disability Index questionnaires: SF-36 Health survey. [39]
Ischemia syndrome MRSI study on woman ischemia: Woman Ischemia syndrome evaluation WISE study [40]
Neurofibromatosis Randomized controlled trial for autism neurofibromatosis type 1 (SANTA) [41]
Aorta coarctation Perfusion imaging of surgical repair of coarctation of aorta study [42]
Brain pH Detecting activity-evoked pH changes in the human brain [43]
Thalamic GABA GABA levels in depressive disorder [44]
Glioma i. Volumetric and metabolic evolution in diffused intrinsic pontine gliomas. [45]
ii. Use of multiparametric MRI‑FDG PET screening in diffused brain glioma: A prospective phase II study [46]
iii. Dynamic susceptibility-weighted and spectroscopic MRI monitoring. [47]
Coronary plaque Multi-modality intra-coronary plaque characterization: a pilot study. [48]
HIV and dementia An in vivo proton MRS of HIV-associated dementia and its relationship to age. [49]
Renal disease MRS to predict radiofrequency-ablated renal tissue: phase 1 trial. [50]
Brain fMRI An evidence based analysis by functional MRI and MRS [51]
Soft-tissue tumor A prospective study by Phosphorus MRS and histology on tumor response after perfusion in soft tumors [52]
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Cerebral astrocytoma i. Short TE multi-voxel spectroscopy for choline/N-acetyl aspartate ratio in grading of cerebral astrocytomas [53]
ii. Chemotherapy monitoring of high-grade malignant astrocytoma: comparison by Thallium SPECT and [54]
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proton MRI/MRS
Colorectal liver metastasis Pre-operative MRS of steatohepatitis in patients with colorectal liver metastasis [55]
Alzheimer’s disease Proton‑MRS of Alzheimer’s disease and Binswanger’s disease [56]
Prostate cancer i. Prostate cancer MRI screening: Göteborg prostate cancer screening 2 trial [57]
ii. Dynamic MRI and choline MRS in prostate cancer: Metabolites versus CAD [58]
Bone metastasis 3T-MR-HIFU for bone metastases of solid tumors. [59]
Serotonin reuptake syndrome Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in rostral anterior cingulate choline metabolite decrease. [60]
Depressive disorder A 31P MRS study on creatine in female adolescents with SSRI-resistant major depressive disorder [61]
Abbreviations: CAD Computer‑aided diagnosis, FDG‑PET: Fluorodeoxyglucose‑positron emission tomography, fMRI: Functional magnetic
resonance imaging, HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, MR: Magnetic resonance, MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging, MRS: Magnetic resonance
spectroscopy, MRSI: Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, MSA‑C: Multiple system atrophy‑cerebellar subtype, SCA2; Spinocerebellar ataxia
type 2, SPECT: Single-photon emission computerized tomography, TE: Echo time, GABA: Gamma‑aminobutyric acid, 3T‑MR‑HIFU: 3T MRI‑guided
high-intensity focused ultrasound.

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 6 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.337