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Global Translational Medicine Precision medicine via personalized nutrition

Figure 3. A basic framework of information technology-integrated PPM.
Precision medicine identifies differences among individuals, categorizing
them based on environmental, biological, and psychosocial factors.
Personalized medicine takes these differences and implements prevention
and treatment tailored to each individual. Powered by high-throughput
omics technologies and computational capabilities, PPM provides
multi-scale, in-depth insights into cells, organisms, and populations. By
leveraging these conceptual and technological advancements, PPM is built
on two core pillars: Data generation and data modeling. High-throughput
omics technologies facilitate the acquisition of comprehensive and holistic
biological information, while computational advancements enable high-
Figure 1. Personalized nutrition includes several factors, such as dimensional data modeling, making the analysis both accessible and
the genome, metabolome, microbiome, lifestyle, diet, and phenome. user-friendly. The current focus on biologic omics in discussions of PPM
Personalized nutrition utilizes advanced analytical technologies to should not divert attention from traditional approaches to personalized
efficiently manage and provide detailed information about individuals’ care, including clinical evaluation, the importance of clinician–patient
genetics, metabolomes, microbiomes, and phenomes. Within this rapport, and addressing social determinants of health and lifestyle
paradigm, the integration of advanced omics technologies with behaviors. To achieve further improvements in health care, progress on
comprehensive phenotyping has the potential to reveal previously all of these fronts must continue, not solely in omics-based PPM. 13
undiscovered hereditary factors and gene–environment interactions. 9,10
Abbreviation: PPM: Personalized and precision medicine.

2.1. Genomics
PPM adapts therapies, disease prevention, and health
maintenance to meet patients’ unique needs. Various
therapy types—such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses,
cells, genes, and irradiation—can benefit from genomics.
This shift expands the importance of pharmacogenomics
and nutrigenomics in medicine. PPM seeks to enhance
patients’ health care by utilizing predictive genomic
biomarkers with the aim of improving patient outcomes
and minimizing the risk of adverse effects 19,20 (Figure 7).
Metabolic and nutritional disorders are increasingly
prevalent worldwide. PPM has the potential to address
a wide range of illnesses and equip physicians with the
tools to predict the most effective treatment for patients
with metabolic disorders or implement preventive
measures for individuals at risk. Identifying key diagnostic
and predictive biomarkers is essential for developing
targeted treatment plans for metabolic and nutritional
Figure 2. Precision foodomics is a new discipline that was introduced as
a global strategy through the application of advanced omics in the food diseases, using a comprehensive analysis of metabolomic,
science domain. It examines the food and nutrition domains through the proteomic, genetic, and clinical data. To achieve this, real-
application and integration of advanced omics technologies. Precision time modeling of clinical data alongside multiple omics
foodomics is already a widely used methodology in food science analyses. datasets is crucial, as it helps uncover underlying biological
Both targeted and non-targeted approaches using transcriptomics, mechanisms, risk factors, and other valuable information
proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics are discussed, along with an
overview of data integration in multiomics datasets to fully interpret the that support early diagnosis and prevention of chronic or
results from a global precision foodomics perspective. 11,12 complex diseases. Integrating advanced technologies such

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 62 doi: 10.36922/GTM025080017