Page 76 - GTM-4-3

Global Translational Medicine Precision medicine via personalized nutrition

Figure 10. Nutritional proteomics (nutriproteomics) focuses on two key outcomes: (i) Identifying health-related biomarkers and (ii) studying food
bioactives, along with their applications. The emerging field of nutriproteomics, which holds great promise in nutrition science, builds upon nutrigenomics
and nutrigenetics while serving as a complementary approach. It plays a crucial role in molecular nutrition research and personalized nutrition by
achieving two main objectives: (i) Analyzing and quantifying bioactive proteins and peptides derived from food and (ii) identifying biomarkers that reveal
mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential side effects of nutritional interventions. Modern nutrition research aims to promote health, prevent disease,
enhance performance, and evaluate risks and benefits. As a result, nutriproteomics must identify early pre-symptomatic biomarkers to detect subtle
metabolic deviations, though a clear definition of “normal” metabolism remains lacking. From a molecular standpoint, nutriproteomics encompasses
two key areas: (i) The discovery, quantification, and characterization of biomarkers and (ii) the analysis of bioactive compounds, with proteins playing a
significant role in nearly all biological functions. These biomarkers must be integrated with genomic and genetic markers, as nutrition aims to optimize
specific health aspects without negatively impacting others. Therefore, holistic and integrative approaches are essential. The advancement and effectiveness
of proteomics in nutrition and health will depend on several critical factors, including study design, data generation, data processing, data correlation,
genetic susceptibility, and epigenetics. 40

dairy products by identifying species-specific biomarkers. technologies and biological systems, proteomics can greatly
With its broad application in food safety, nutrition, and enhance the identification of key proteins that regulate
related fields, proteomics holds great promise for the metabolic pathways. The synthesis, degradation, and
future. Moreover, by examining how different processing modifications of these proteins are influenced by specific
50
techniques affect food proteins, proteomics contributes nutrients and dietary factors. This innovative approach will
to enhancing food quality and refining production accelerate our understanding of the intricate mechanisms
processes. 43 governing nutrient utilization, including dietary efficiency,
Nutriproteomics applies proteomic methods to facilitate the identification of novel indicators for nutritional
nutrition research and practice. It also represents the status and disease progression, and establish a framework
interconnection of bioactive food ingredients with proteins for dietary prevention and intervention in disease.
through two basic approaches. The influence of nutrients Therefore, proteomic analysis promises to improve human
on protein expression is assessed through protein mapping health and increase the efficiency of livestock farming.
and by examining nutrient–protein interactions, including The evolution of PPM relies on comprehensive and
post-translational modifications and small-molecule integrative approaches (e.g., proteomic technologies) to
binding. Integrating these insights with functional data provide better patient care and valuable disease insights.
from established biochemical and physiological methods This application of proteomic methods to diseases is
enhances our understanding of how bioactive dietary known as clinical proteomics, a powerful tool that studies
components contribute to diet-related disorders, such as changes in disease pathways and identifies new protein
diabetes and obesity. These biomarkers serve as valuable biomarkers. A proteomic biomarker is a specific peptide
tools for disease diagnosis and treatment, offering or protein associated with a specific condition, such as the
precise indicators of the efficacy and safety of specific onset or progression of a disease or response to treatment,
nutrients. 37,41,42,44-48 or a measurable characteristic that serves as an indicator

The field of nutrition research has been transformed by of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or
proteomics as a powerful discovery tool. Proteome analysis responses to therapeutic interventions.
is a valuable tool for addressing key nutrition-related Proteomics is thus becoming a powerful tool in the
disorders. When integrated with other advanced omics realm of PN and PF, offering insights into an individual’s
49

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 68 doi: 10.36922/GTM025080017