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A novel bioactive PEEK/HA composite with controlled 3D interconnected HA network

ties by varying percentage of bioactive phase (by ei- 3. Tang S M, Cheang P, AbuBakar M S, et al. 2004,
ther varying HA filament or pore size), Tension–tension fatigue behavior of hydroxyapatite
• Various bioactive materials such as Bioglass, β- reinforced polyetheretherketone composites. Interna-
TCP, etc. with faster biodegradation rate than HA can tional Journal of Fatigue, vol.26(1): 49–57.
be served so that the bioactive network leaves 3D in- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00080-X.
terconnected channels after absorbing in vivo for fur- 4. Abu Bakar M S, Cheang P and Khor K A, 2003,
ther bone cells in-growth and proliferation, Mechanical properties of injection molded hydroxya-
• 100% interconnectivity of both bioactive network patite–polyetheretherketone biocomposites. Composites
and PEEK brings about maximum structural integrity Science and Technology, vol.63(3–4): 421–425.
of the composite, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00230-0.
• Ability to incorporate bioactive materials with a 5. Wong K L, Wong C T, Liu W C, et al. 2009, Mechanical
very high volumetric percentage (in this study up to properties and in vitro response of strontium containing
hydroxyapatite/polyetheretherketone composites. Bio-
77% (v/v) HA) for non-load bearing applications such materials, vol.30(23–24): 3810–3817.
as craniomaxillofacial plates, etc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.04.016.
Quality control standards stipulate that testing of 6. Converse G L, Yue W and Roeder R K, 2007,
medical device biocompatibility requires extensive Processing and tensile properties of hydroxyapatite-
investigation in order to confirm the true readiness for whisker-reinforced polyetheretherketone. Biomaterials,
clinical application. As a precursor to future develop- vol.28(6): 927–935.
ments, our objective for this study was to show the http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.10.031.
preliminary evidences supporting feasibility of com- 7. Converse G L, Conrad T L and Roeder R K, 2009,
pression moulding of very fragile HA scaffolds with Mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite whisker
PEEK. Further studies have been planned to include reinforced polyetherketoneketone composite scaffolds.
mechanical properties assessment, and in vitro cell Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical
differentiation, proliferation and molecular assays. Materials, vol.2(6): 627–635.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2009.07.002.
Conflict of Interest 8. Converse G L, Conrad T L, Merrill C H, et al. 2010,
Hydroxyapatite whisker-reinforced polyetherketoneke-
No conflict of interest was reported by the authors. tone bone ingrowth scaffolds. Acta Biomaterialia,
Acknowledgments vol.6(3): 856–863.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.08.004.
The authors are grateful to Invibio Biomaterial Solu- 9. Yu S C, Hariram K P, Kumar R, et al. 2005, In vitro
tions Ltd., and the Faculty of Engineering and the En- apatite formation and its growth kinetics on hydro-
vironments, University of Southampton for their fi- xyapatite/polyetheretherketone biocomposites. Bioma-
nancial support. The authors acknowledge the µ-VIS terials, vol.26(15): 2343–2352.
centre at the University of Southampton, and Dr. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.028.
Orestis L. Katsamenis for provision of tomographic 10. Hengky C, Kelsen B, Saraswati, et al. 2009, Mechanical
imaging facilities, supported by EPSRC grant EP- and biological characterization of pressureless sintered
H01506X. hydroxapatite-polyetheretherketone biocomposite. IFMBE
Proceedings—13th International Conference on Bio-
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