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International Journal of Bioprinting Advancements in 3D printing

Figure 5. Hyaluronic acid (HA) material. (A) HA disaccharide unit chemical structure and its structural, physical, and biological properties. Copyright
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© John Wiley and Sons 2023. Reprinted with permission of John Wiley and Sons. (B) Major applications of HA in biomedical fields. (C) HA-coated
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liposome for targeted delivery of curcumin. 38,39 Copyright © John Wiley and Sons 2022. Reprinted with permission of John Wiley and Sons. Copyright ©
Elsevier 2023. Reprinted with permission of Elsevier. (D) Preparation of SA/HAexo-PLGAKGN scaffold and its biological function. 38,39 Copyright © John
Wiley and Sons 2022. Reprinted with permission of John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © Elsevier 2023. Reprinted with permission of Elsevier. (E) Schematic
illustration of forming HepaRG spheroids containing HA microparticles and evaluating cell viability and cell migration activity. 38,39 Copyright © John
Wiley and Sons 2022. Reprinted with permission of John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © Elsevier 2023. Reprinted with permission of Elsevier.
Hyaluronic acid is an acidic mucopolysaccharide Non-degradable polymer medical materials possess
initially extracted from the vitreous body of bovine the capacity to maintain stability over extended periods
eyes. Owing to its distinctive molecular structure and within the physiological environment, resisting substantial
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unique physical and chemical attributes, hyaluronic degradation, crosslinking, or physical deterioration. These
acid serves various pivotal physiological roles within polymers showcase exceptional physical and mechanical
the body. For instance, it functions in joint lubrication, attributes, which are pivotal for their swift integration into
the regulation of blood vessel wall permeability, and the medical domain. Several noteworthy non-degradable
the modulation of proteins. Given its considerable polymer medical materials include polyethylene,
clinical significance as a biochemical drug, hyaluronic polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, and
acid has extensive applications in numerous types of polymethyl methacrylate (Figure 6).
eye surgeries, including lens implantation, corneal Polyethylene is a milky white thermoplastic resin
transplantation, and anti-glaucoma procedures. 38,39 polymerized from ethylene. It can be industrially produced
Furthermore, it contributes to the treatment of arthritis from a mixture of the copolymer of ether and a small
and expedites wound healing (Figure 5). amount of α-olefin. Polyethylene is tasteless, odorless,

Volume 10 Issue 2 (2024) 51 doi: 10.36922/ijb.1752