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International Journal of Bioprinting Advancements in 3D printing

Figure 8. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material. (A) Schematic illumination of CEC/PVCg matrix for actuation and sensing applications. Copyright ©
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Springer Nature 2023. Reprinted with permission of Springer Nature. (B) Photograph of PVC DMA gel and PVC. Copyright © Elsevier 2023. Reprinted
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with permission of Elsevier. (C) Microscopic morphology of PVC gel and PVC organic-ionogel. Copyright © Elsevier 2023. Reprinted with permission
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of Elsevier. (D) Hydrogel-interconnected NIPVC gel being stretched by >450%. Copyright © Elsevier 2022. Reprinted with permission of Elsevier. (E)
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Schematic of the PVC gel-based single layer TENG and 3D network structure of the PVC gel. Copyright © John Wiley and Sons 2022. Reprinted with
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permission of John Wiley and Sons. (F) Schematic representation of the mechanism behind electric field-induced bending deformation of PVC gel.
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Copyright © John Wiley and Sons 2022. Reprinted with permission of John Wiley and Sons. (G) Schematic of biocomposites preparation. Copyright ©
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Springer Nature 2023. Reprinted with permission of Springer Nature.
its water content, elastic modulus, low friction coefficient, mechanical strength and good moisture resistance, PMMA
high mechanical strength, rich pore structure, and good is lightweight and durable for a long time under humid
biocompatibility, which is equivalent to that of human conditions. It is also resistant to water-soluble inorganic
tissue. PVA is also used in artificial cartilage, sustained salts and some dilute acids. PMMA has excellent anti-aging
drug release system, ophthalmology, artificial cell properties, biocompatibility, excellent optical properties,
microencapsulation, anticoagulant materials, biomedical and high light transmittance. 57,58 Carbon fiber-reinforced
sponge, etc (Figure 9). PMMA composites exhibit superior flexural strength,
modulus of rupture, and impact resistance compared to
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), commonly known human skull materials, and play a vital role in protecting
as acrylic or plexiglass, is a polymer used as a substitute patients after skull defect repair. Modified hydrophilic
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for glass by virtue of its high transparency, affordability, PMMA is widely used in ophthalmology, burn dressings,
and ease of processing. In addition to possessing high drug microcapsules, and other fields. In addition, PMMA

Volume 10 Issue 2 (2024) 54 doi: 10.36922/ijb.1752