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International Journal of Bioprinting PAI for 3D bioprinted constructs

Imaging depth ~20 μm ~100 μm ~100 μm ~40 μm ~200 μm (DOF) 101 μm (axial resolution) 1500 μm 1500 μm 1500 μm N/A ~575 μm N/A 115 μm (axial resolution)

Resolution 0.91 μm 0.33 μm 1.2 μm 0.96 μm 1.2 μm 0.47 μm ~10 μm ~10 μm 7.5 μm 3.4 μm ~5.3 μm 0.26 μm 3.35 μm

Wavelength 266 nm 266 nm 266 nm 266 nm 266 nm 266 nm 532; 558 nm 532; 558 nm 578 nm 532; 545; 558 nm 2850; 1650; 1550; 1085 cm -1 266; 3500 nm 1,540 nm

Endogenous contrast Cell nuclei (DNA/RNA) Cell nuclei (DNA/RNA) Cell nuclei (DNA/RNA) Cell nuclei (DNA/RNA) Cell nuclei (DNA/RNA) Cell nuclei (DNA/RNA) Blood vessel (RBC) Blood vessel (RBC) Blood vessel (RBC) Blood vessel (RBC) Lipid, protein, carbohydrate Lipid, protein, cell nuclei (DNA/RNA) Connective tissue (collagen)

Table 1. Summary of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) categorized by the light source spectrum

Imaging application Label-free 3D imaging of paraffin- or agarose-embedded whole organ Intraoperative margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery Intraoperative whole-tissue histopathology Intraoperative evaluation of thick bone specimens Fresh slide-free organ histology-like imaging Intraoperative PA histopathology Real-time whole-brain imaging Longitudinal intravital imaging of mouse placenta Long-term imaging of wound angi

Technique mPAM UV-PAM MEMS-UV-PAM 3D contour-scanning UV-PAM UV-NB-PAM UV-TUT-PAM UFF-PAM UFF-PAM LSOM Three-wavelength OR-PAM MiROM ULM-PAM DS-PAM

Categories UV-PAI UV-PAI UV-PAI UV-PAI UV-PAI UV-PAI VIS-PAI VIS-PAI VIS-PAI VIS-PAI MIR-PAI MIR-PAI MIR-PAI

Author Wong et al. Wong et al. Baik et al. Cao et al. Cao et al. Kim et al. Zhu et al. Zhu et al. Rebling et al. Liu et al. Pleitez et al. Shi et al. Park et al.

Ref. 62 63 64 66 68 69 70 71 75 76 77 78 79

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 12 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3448