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International Journal of Bioprinting A regulated GelMA-MSCs scaffold by three-dimensional bioprinting

extrusion nozzle and high-temperature platform, bone 5. Conclusion
scaffolds can be successfully printed to repair different
bone tissues . The commonly used hydrogels, such as This study successfully constructed a GelMA-MSCs bioink
[54]
GelMA and gelatin, are applied in the printing of complex with upregulated expression of microRNA-410 in vitro, and
structures . Due to the program-controlled nozzle direct the rabbit femoral distal condyle cartilage repair scaffold
[40]
writing process, it is also possible to print high-precision was prepared by 3D extrusion bioprinting technology.
heterogeneous scaffolds with controllable pore size and The 3D porous network, suitable swelling ratio, and high
[55]
fiber diameter to induce directional cell growth . In biocompatibility of GelMA are conducive to the growth
this study, a 3D extrusion bioprinter was used. Taking of nutrients and extracellular matrix. The up-regulated
expression of microRNA-410 promoted the migration,
advantage of the temperature controllability of the nozzle proliferation, and differentiation of MSCs. The GelMA-
and platform, the gel filament at the nozzle end was kept MSCs scaffold regulates the biological behavior of MSCs in
extrudable, and the platform was kept at a low temperature the microenvironment through regulatory factors, which
of 5°C to ensure the formation of the scaffold. The 405 nm realizes the regeneration and repair of chondrocytes,
UV light source was, further, reinforced to complete the and enables the rabbit cartilage defect model to achieve
3D bioprinting of GelMA-MSCs scaffolds.
the overall repair effect on the cartilage surface and the
At present, due to the limited self-healing ability of underlying tissue of the surface defect. This study discusses
cartilage, osteochondral 3D bioprinting therapy has the key role of the GelMA-MSCs scaffold prepared by
become a potential therapeutic strategy for repairing 3D bioprinting. Through the upregulated expression of
cartilage defects. In this study, GelMA porous scaffolds microRNA-410, the repair effect became more precise and
were used to construct a communication channel between rapid, and the structural arrangement of repaired tissue
cells and extracellular matrix, and microRNA-410 was had a high degree of similarity to that of normal tissue.
overexpressed to regulate the biological behavior of MSCs,
enabling them to play a beneficial role in cartilage repair. Acknowledgment
After CT surface reconstruction, micro-CT analysis, HE None.
staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, S-O FS staining,
BMP-2, and Col II immunohistochemical staining verified Funding
that the scaffold overexpressing microRNA-410 was This work was supported by the Priority Academic Program
significantly superior to the scaffold loaded only with Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
MSCs, showing differences not only in surface cartilage (PAPD) and Health and Family Planning Commission
repair area but also in subchondral tissues. The number Research Project of Jiangsu Province (H201619).
and arrangement of new cells and extracellular matrix in
the lower layer were better than the GelMA-MSCs group. Conflict of interest
Some studies have reported that composite scaffolds
simulating subchondral bone structure can repair cartilage The authors declare that they have no known competing
using scaffold [56-59] , but without the intervention of cellular financial interests or personal relationships that could have
regulatory factors, directional biological roles of stem appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
cells cannot be executed. As the survival time of MSCs in Author contributions
biomaterials is shorter than that in adherent culture, the
migration and proliferation of MSCs will decrease to a Conceptualization: Zijie Pei, Jing Qu, Hongtao Zhang.
certain extent with time, resulting in unsatisfactory repair Formal analysis: Zijie Pei, Mingyang Gao, Junhui Xing,
effect of the lower layer of surface defects . By adding Changbao Wang, Piqian Zhao.
[60]
specific regulatory factors to regulate the transduction Funding acquisition: Hongtao Zhang, Jing Qu.
signal, the limitation of physical properties of cartilage Investigation: Zijie Pei, Mingyang Gao, Changbao Wang.
3D bioprinting materials can be overcome [61,62] . Moreover, Methodology: Jing Qu, Zijie Pei.
recent studies suggested that integrating tetrahedral DNA Resources: Jing Qu, Hongtao Zhang.
nanostructure (TDN) drug delivery with 3D bioprinting Visualization: Zijie Pei, Jing Qu.
worked well for sustained delivery of nutrients to injured Writing – original draft: Zijie Pei.
tissue, this technology combining nanostructures with Writing – review & editing: Jing Qu, Zijie Pei.
3D bioprinting can repair defects more accurately and Ethics approval and consent to participate
quickly . This study provides important insights into and
[63]
basis for the design of the treatment of cartilage defects The rabbits used in the experiments were provided by
through 3D bioprinting-based microRNA gene regulation. the Animal Experiment Center of Soochow University,

Volume 9 Issue 2 (2023) 192 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i2.662