Page 42 - IJB-9-3

International Journal of Bioprinting Comparison of different 3D printing technologies

Table 4. Summary table of the difference of actual and target Table 5. Summary table of the difference of actual and target
values when performing the grid test values when performing the grid test
Real value Theoretical value Standard Real value Theoretical value Standard
(mm ) (mm ) deviation (mm ) (mm ) deviation
2
2
2
2
Row 1 0.42 2.55 1.51 Row 1 2.53 2.55 0.01
4.26 5.10 0.59 5 5.10 0.07
8.05 10.20 1.52 10.19 10.20 0.01
17.33 20.41 2.18 20 20.41 0.29
Row 2 4.48 5.10 0.44 Row 2 4.9 5.10 0.14
9.98 10.21 0.16 10.12 10.21 0.06
17.52 20.41 2.04 20.14 20.41 0.19
36.33 40.83 3.18 40.9 40.83 0.05
Row 3 6.50 7.65 0.81 Row 3 7.7 7.65 0.04
14.66 15.31 0.46 15.25 15.31 0.04
25.78 30.62 3.42 31 30.62 0.27
55.08 61.24 4.35 62.2 62.24 0.03
Row 4 8.96 10.20 0.88 Row 4 10 10.20 0.14
19.45 20.41 0.68 20.44 20.41 0.02
36.23 40.83 3.26 40.82 40.83 0.01
74.40 81.66 5.13 81.62 81.66 0.03
Row 5 10.36 12.76 1.69 Row 5 12.71 12.76 0.04
23.71 25.52 1.28 25.55 25.56 0.01
48.80 51.03 1.58 51 51.03 0.02
98.68 102.06 2.39 102.02 102.06 0.03

a great capacity to generate bridges with a high collapse Table 6. Filament collapse test tested on the different hydrogels
resistance. In addition, it showed a very good printability
with no difference between the theoretical value and the Material C f 1 C f 2 C f 3 C f 4 C f 5 C f 6 C f 7 C f 8
real value. PCL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3.3.1. Results of printing a biomimetic structure
Good results, which were only obtained in the bioprinting
of the gelatin-based hydrogel (GelMA) after following
the printability methodology, show that the bioprinted
structure had sufficiently acceptable structural
characteristics for a complex structure. Before attempting
to bioprint a biomimetic structure, the speed, temperature,
and pressure parameters were adjusted to ensure the correct
bioprinting of a simple scaffold with the different hydrogels
created. Subsequently, using the Einscan-SE 3D scanner, a
digital model of an example of a biomimetic structure, in
this case a human tooth, was developed (Figure 9).
As shown in Figure 9, the 5% GelMA hydrogel forms
a tooth with a reliable shape with respect to the real tooth.
After printing, a 405-nm ultraviolet light was applied for
30 s to harden the hydrogel. The hardness of the generated
structure was very low, as it was not possible to apply any
pressure without causing a loss of its shape. Figure 9. Bioprinting using 5% GelMA hydrogel. Source: own elaboration.

Volume 9 Issue3 (2023) 34 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.680