Page 560 - IJB-9-6

International

Journal of Bioprinting

RESEARCH ARTICLE
Enhanced osteogenesis and bactericidal

performance of additively manufactured MgO-
and Cu-added CpTi for load-bearing implants

Sushant Ciliveri, and Amit Bandyopadhyay*

W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials
Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: 3D Bioprinting for Materials and Application)

Abstract

The bio-inertness of titanium, which is the ultimate choice of metallic material for
implant applications, causes delayed bone–tissue integration at the implant site
and prevents expedited healing for the patient. This can result in a severe issue for
patients with immunocompromised bone health as titanium does not offer inherent
antimicrobial properties, and thus, infections at the implant site are another concern.
Current strategies addressing the issues above include using cemented implants
as a coating on Ti6Al4V bulk material for orthopedic applications. Roadblock
arises with coating failure due to weak interfacial bond at the Ti–cement interface,
which necessitates revision surgeries. In this study, we added osteogenic MgO and
antibacterial Cu to commercially pure titanium (CpTi) and processed them using
metal additive manufacturing. Mg, an essential trace element in the body, has been
proven to enhance osseointegration in vivo. Cu has been popular for its bactericidal
*Corresponding authors: capabilities. With the addition of 1 wt.% of MgO to the CpTi matrix, we observed a
Amit Bandyopadhyay four-fold increase in the mineralized bone formation at the bone–implant interface
(amitband@wsu.edu) in vivo. The addition of 3 wt.% of Cu did not result in cytotoxicity, and adding Cu to
Citation: Ciliveri S, Bandyopadhyay CpTi-MgO chemical makeup yielded in vivo performance similar to that in CpTi-MgO.
A, 2023, Enhanced osteogenesis In in vitro bacterial studies with gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, CpTi-MgO-Cu
and bactericidal performance of
additively manufactured MgO- and displayed an antibacterial efficacy of 81% at the end of 72 h of culture. Our findings
Cu-added CpTi for load-bearing highlight the synergistic benefits of CpTi-MgO-Cu, which exhibit superior early-stage
implants. Int J Bioprint, 9(6): 1167. osseointegration and antimicrobial capabilities.
https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1167
Received: June 27, 2023
Accepted: August 16, 2023 Keywords: Commercially pure titanium; Osseointegration; Additive manufacturing;
Published Online: October 11, Antibacterial performance; Porous metal
2023
Copyright: © 2023 Author(s).
This is an Open Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution 1. Introduction
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, The selection of metallic materials for biomedical applications relies on several
provided the original work is considerations, including corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, and biocompatibility [1,2] .
properly cited. Over the years, titanium (Ti) has emerged as the optimal material for load-bearing
Publisher’s Note: AccScience implants [3-5] . While Ti6Al4V demonstrates excellent fatigue resistance and is commonly
Publishing remains neutral with used for bulk metallic implants at load-bearing sites , commercially pure titanium
[6]
regard to jurisdictional claims in (CpTi) with higher biocompatibility but lower strength than Ti6Al4V is often employed
published maps and institutional
[7]
affiliations. either at low-load-bearing sites or as a metallic coating on these bulk implants . Since

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 552 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1167