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International Journal of Bioprinting Sub-regional design of the bionic bone scaffolds

practical application. The main results are summarized we also plan to set different topological objectives for
as follows: the macrostructure to realize multifunctionality of the
(i) This approach enabled us to carry out accurate scaffolds. It is expected that this research can provide
and controllable gradient design according to the some insights into the FGPMs design.
macrostructural topology, and to implement the Acknowledgments
graded distribution of the characteristic parameters.
The authors extend their sincere gratitude to those who
(ii) The combined probability sphere model, proposed contributed in instructions and experiments.
in this paper, realized a graded and random
distribution of the Voronoi nucleating points, and Funding
provided greater freedom in the morphology of the
bionic bone scaffolds within a controllable range, This work was supported by Jiangsu Provincial Key
further improving the geometric and mechanical Research and Development Program (grant number
continuity at the junction of the two sub-regions. BE2019002) and Postdoctoral Science Foundation of
China (grant numbers 2020M671475, 2020M671455,
(iii) The distance-to-scale coefficient mapping model, 2020TQ0141). The authors also extend their sincere thanks
proposed in this paper, provided the guideline for to those who guided us in the experiments.
the graded design of the porous biomaterials in sub-
region B, where the specific surface area and the Conflict of interest
mechanical properties were greatly improved with
the differentiated design of C and C , reducing The authors declare that they have no known competing
face
cell
the possibility that fragile struts, far from sub-region financial interests or personal relationships that could have
A, will fracture first. appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(iv) The FEA results showed that randomness and a Author contributions
1
value have negligible effect on the compressive
property and the porosity of as-designed models, Conceptualization: Yangdong He, Lida Shen
proving a high repeatability of tests. Meanwhile, the Investigation: Changjiang Wang, Lin Wang, Deqiao Xie,
value of a is considered to have a great influence on Chen Jiao, Hong Wang
2
the compressive property, proving that the relative Methodology: Yangdong He, Long Chao, Huixin Liang
density of porous biomaterials in sub-region A is Resources: Jianfeng Zhao, Lida Shen, Huixin Liang,
closely related to the structural strength. Guofeng Wu
Writing – original draft: Yangdong He
(v) The results of quasi-static compression tests Writing – review & editing: Yangdong He, Long Chao,
demonstrate that ε, C , and C affect the compressive Huixin Liang, Lida Shen
2
1
behavior of the as-built specimens, proving that
C of the porous biomaterials in sub-region A has
cell
a dominant influence on the compressive property. Ethics approval and consent to participate
Meanwhile, the bionic bone scaffolds, proposed Not applicable.
in this work, present a satisfying mechanical
performance where the apparent elastic modulus Consent for publication
and ultimate strength ranges are 1.50–7.12 GPa and
38.55–268.03 MPa, respectively. It can be concluded Not applicable.
that the as-built specimens have the same stiffness
level of the cancellous bone but with a better stress Availability of data
resistance ability, similar to that of the cortical The datasets used and analyzed during the present study
bone. Significantly, the apparent elastic modulus can be obtained from the corresponding author on request.
can be tailored conveniently by adjusting the scale
coefficient. References
As for the future works, the properties of the bionic
bone scaffolds will be further investigated. In addition, 1. Pina S, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, 2015, Natural-based
research on the bionic bone scaffolds with complex nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering and regenerative
macroscopic models and loading conditions has medicine: A review. Adv Mater, 27:1143–1169.
become the principal work for the next stage. Besides, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201403354

Volume 9 Issue 6 (2023) 53 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0222