Page 154 - IJOCTA-15-3

E.M. Shaban / IJOCTA, Vol.15, No.3, pp.517-534 (2025)

Figure 3. The regulator structure of the unity feedback closed loop SDP-PID+ control system.
Abbreviations: PID: Proportional integral derivative; SDP: State-dependent parameter; TF: Transfer function

Figure 4. Bitumen tank at INSUMAT company, Tamouh, Giza, Egypt

◦
Alternatively, the SVF/SDP-PID+ control bitumen (∼ 90 C) before mixing to produce bitu-
action in Equation (24) can be directly used, men products. The properties of the final prod-
where the parameters of the SVF/SDP-PID+ uct depend significantly on the mixing temper-
◦
control vector, defined in Equation (25), are de- ature (90 − 180 C), which must remain within
rived from Equation (34). It is worth noting that a ±5% range of the set value, as well as the
a systematic trial and error experiment is applied quantity of additives used. To prevent overheat-
to analyze the closed-loop poles in the complex ing, the temperature must never reach the self-
◦
z-plane (0 < p i < 1), aiming to determine appro- ignition point (∼ 220 C) of the vapor inside the
priate gains that ensure a satisfactory tracking tank. 10
response.
The bitumen tank is a closed steel reser-
voir enclosed by helical tubes filled with hot oil
◦
(∼ 265 C). Raw liquidized bitumen is fed into
4. Industrial bitumen tank
the tank via an inlet pipe at the top, and the
This tank, located at INSUMAT Company in Ta- heated bitumen is discharged to a blender through
mouh, Giza, Egypt, is used to heat raw liquid an outlet pipe near the base, as in Figure 4.
526