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Innovative Medicines & Omics Antioxidant nanomedicines for therapies

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Figure 8. (A and B) Schematic illustration for the synthesis of antithrombotic nanomedicine and its mechanism in treating deep vein thrombosis during
pregnancy. Reproduced with permission from Cheng et al. Copyright © 2022, Nature Publishing Group.
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steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and disease-modifying bind folate receptor β overexpressed on M1 macrophages
antirheumatic drugs have been used for treating in arthritic regions, enabling actively targeting capability.
rheumatoid arthritis, but their efficacies are not desirable The DNA origami can act as a reactant to neutralize ROS,
due to low bioavailability. 155 facilitating the transition of M1 macrophages to anti-
It has been reported that the leaky vasculatures in the inflammatory M2 phenotype, normalizing the expressions of
sites of inflamed joints enable nanoparticles to accumulate associated cytokines, and finally alleviating cartilage damage.
passively through EPR effect as well as immune cell-enabled Xu et al. also reported a Mg nanoparticle that can react with
translocation. This unique biological mechanism was also H O to generate H for ROS-scavenging in arthritic regions. 159
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defined in some literatures as “extravasation through leaky Antioxidant nanocatalysts have also been used for
vasculature and subsequent inflammatory cell-mediated rheumatoid arthritis therapy. The anti-inflammatory
sequestration effect”. Therefore, antioxidant nanomedicines property of CeO nanoparticles has been extensively
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can accumulate at the regions affected by rheumatoid demonstrated, 160,161 2 and Kim et al. constructed CeO -
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arthritis and mitigate oxidative stress, thus modulating the loading MSNs for treating rheumatoid arthritis. They
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inflammatory microenvironment for efficient treatment. used an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model, which
Recently, Ma et al. used a triangular DNA origami as an recapitulates the pathologic features of human rheumatoid
antioxidant antiarthritic nanomedicine (Figure 9). In this arthritis, for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy. Paw
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work, DNA origami was modified with folic acid, which can swelling was significantly reduced after therapy, and
Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 11 doi: 10.36922/imo.2527