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Innovative Medicines & Omics Antioxidant nanomedicines for therapies

Figure 9. Schematic illustration for the synthesis and antiarthritic mechanism of DNA origami-based antioxidant nanomedicine. Reproduced with
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permission from Ma et al. Copyright © 2022, American Chemical Society.
not only resulting in oxidative damage to chondrocytes, nanomedicine that can respond to intraarticular ROS and
but also facilitating the polarization of macrophages to M1 generate L-dopa antioxidant to scavenge ROS. In vivo
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phenotype to promote inflammation. Clinically-used experiments evidence that the antioxidant nanomedicine
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nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can only relieve pain can significantly suppress articular cartilage destruction
temporarily but cannot delay or reverse the progression of and inhibit extracellular matrix degradation, alleviating
osteoarthritis. Antioxidant molecules such as Vitamin C, the symptom. Black phosphorus nanosheet is a typical
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resveratrol, EGCG, and tannic acid have also been used for antioxidant that can act as a reactant to counteract ROS;
osteoarthritis treatment, but the achievement of desired after the reaction, black phosphorus is oxidized to PO 4 3-
antiarthritic efficacy still requires high doses and multiple ,which can promote bone regeneration by forming calcium
administration. 176-178 phosphate. Very recently, Lu et al. used black phosphorus
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Recently, nanomedicines have also been used for nanosheets for osteoarthritis treatment by scavenging ROS
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improving the therapeutic efficacy of osteoarthritis. Gui to protect chondrocytes, as well as pro-biomineralization
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et al. prepared a porous polymersome to load SOD for favoring subchondral bone regeneration.
triggering intraarticular catalytic antioxidation reactions. Inorganic nanocatalysts, such as MnO nanoparticles,
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2
Zhou et al. also synthesized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 have also been demonstrated with anti-osteoarthritis
(ZIF-8) nanoparticles to encapsulate catalase, which catalyzes therapeutic effect. It is expected that more antioxidant
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intraarticular H O into O , alleviating oxidative stress nanocatalysts will be used in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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2
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and mitigating hypoxia as well, synergistically mitigating
osteoarthritis (Figure 11). In addition to the development 4.3. Osteoporosis treatment
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of nanocarriers to load antioxidases, nanomaterials with As the most common orthopedic disease in the elderly
intrinsic antioxidative properties have also been used in especially postmenopausal women, osteoporosis can lead
osteoarthritis therapy. Zhao et al. constructed a self-assembled to fragility fractures and even disability. 186-188 Oxidative
Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 13 doi: 10.36922/imo.2527