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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Laser DED-produced Ti-6Mn-4Mo alloy

4. Conclusions Ethics approval and consent to participate

In this study, Ti-6Mn-4Mo alloy was successfully Not applicable.
synthesized by in situ alloying of elemental powders
using laser DED technique. Both as-built and heat- Consent for publication
treated materials were analyzed for resultant density, Not applicable.
tensile properties, hardness, microstructure, elemental
distribution, and corrosion resistance. The key findings are Availability of data
summarized in the following: The data used in this study have been included in the paper.
(i) As-built Ti-6Mn-4Mo consisted mainly of β phase,
while there were signs of α phase presence in a References
small quantity. In contrast, the heat-treated material
mostly consisted of α phase with traces of β phase still 1. Trevisan F, Calignano F, Aversa A, et al., 2017, Additive
present. EDS mapping revealed that the distributions manufacturing of titanium alloys in the biomedical field:
Processes, properties and applications. J Appl Biomater
of elements were overall uniform. Funct Mater, 16: 57–67.
(ii) The densities of both as-built and heat-treated
Ti-6Mn-4Mo were close to the theoretical density for https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000371
this composition, which was calculated by the rule of 2. Fu W, Liu S, Jiao J, et al., 2022, Wear resistance and
mixture. Furthermore, no cracks or major voids were biocompatibility of Co-Cr dental alloys fabricated with
detected, while some Mo powder particles failed to CAST and SLM techniques. Materials, 15: 3263.
melt completely. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093263
(iii) The difference in corrosion resistance between the 3. Niinomi M, 2002, Recent metallic materials for biomedical
as-built and heat-treated materials was insignificant. applications. Metallurgical Mater Trans A, 33: 477–486.
However, the corrosion resistance of both conditions
was lower than the reported performance for https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0109-2
Ti-6Al-4V alloys obtained through additive 4. Li Y, Yang C, Zhao H, et al., 2014, New developments of
manufacturing techniques. Ti-based alloys for biomedical applications. Materials,
(iv) The DED-produced Ti-6Mn-4Mo materials appeared 7: 1709–1800.
to be hard and brittle. It is possible that the high https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7031709
hardness and modulus were caused by the low 5. Santos P, Niinomi M, Cho K, et al., 2016, Development of
concentration of alloying elements and the presence New Ti-Mn-Mo Alloys for Use in Biomedical Applications.
of ω phase. In: Proceedings of the 13 World Conference on Titanium.
th
Acknowledgments John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 1741–1745.
6. Maitra V, Shi J, Lu C, 2022, Robust prediction and validation
None. of as-built density of Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured via
selective laser melting using a machine learning approach.
Funding J Manuf Processes, 78: 183–201.
None. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.04.020

Conflicts of interest 7. Kuroda D, Niinomi M, Morinaga M, et al., 1998, Design
and mechanical properties of new β type titanium alloys for
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. implant materials. Mater Sci Eng A, 243: 244–249.

Author contributions https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00808-3
8. Santos PF, Niinomi M, Cho K, et al., 2017, Effects of Mo
Conceptualization: Jing Shi addition on the mechanical properties and microstructures
Data curation: Roman Savinov of Ti-Mn alloys fabricated by metal injection molding for
Formal analysis: Roman Savinov biomedical applications. Mater Trans, 58: 271–279.
Investigation: Roman Savinov, Yachao Wang, Jing Shi
Methodology: Yachao Wang, Jing Shi https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2016286
Supervision: Jing Shi 9. Morioka R, Cho K, Yasuda HY, 2018, Effects of Mo addition
Visualization: Roman Savinov on deformation behavior of metastable beta-type Ti-Mn
Writing – original draft: Roman Savinov single crystals. Mater Sci Forum, 941: 1360–1365.
Writing – review & editing: Yachao Wang, Jing Shi https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.941.1360

Volume 2 Issue 4 (2023) 11 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.2180