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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Preparation and modification of porous Ti

et al. used a hydrothermal synthesis method to form biocompatibility and ensure the primary conditions
126
BaTiO coating uniformly on the surface of a 3D-printed for their functioning, while the above properties can
3
porous Ti6Al4V scaffold. The ultrasonic excitation be influenced by the material composition, structural
of coating vibration to generate electrical stimulation design, and surface properties.
promoted the pro-regenerative M2 polarization, inhibited (ii) The porous structure can reduce elastic modulus
the M1 polarization of macrophages, and promoted the and improve compatibility, in terms of mechanical
bone regeneration process of the sheep cervical vertebra properties, with the human body. The properties of
resection model. porous titanium are affected by the preparation process
and structure. According to the sintering principle, the
The principles, advantages, and disadvantages of preparation process of porous titanium mainly includes
different surface modification methods are summarized in the sintering method, fiber preparation, additive
Table 3. manufacturing, and so on. With the development

5. Summary and outlook of additive manufacturing, the machining accuracy
and structural complexity of porous titanium will be
Medical porous titanium alloy has broad development continuously improved, alongside the steady develop
prospects in biological tissue engineering. Through the of a design scheme based on design elements such as
review and summary of its performance requirements, aperture, porosity, and structural units. In the future,
processing methods, modification methods, and effects, additive manufacturing of porous titanium alloys
the following conclusions are drawn: will take into consideration the development of new
(i) Medical porous titanium alloy in the human body materials and the structural topology optimization
mainly plays a fixed, supporting, loading, and for realizing the processing of structure-function
other roles. Good mechanical properties (strength, integrated devices, with the aim of enhancing their
modulus, corrosion/wear resistance) guarantee performance in mimicking human tissue.

Table 3. Comparison of different surface modification processes for porous titanium alloys
Modified technology Preparation principle Working principle Advantages Disadvantages References
Physical modification Alteration of the surface structure Forms a certain rough Low cost and easy to Poorly effective 95
and roughness of the material by structure on the surface of operate
means of etching, etc. the material to promote cell
growth
Chemical modification
Chemical molecular The coating is directly formed by Influence cellular behavior Low cost and Low bonding 101
dipping a chemical reaction between the by attaching chemicals to effective strength to the
modified solution and the surface of surfaces material surface,
the material prone to debris
and inflammation
Vapor deposition Attachment of the metal to Acts on cells/bacteria via Good coating Limited metal 127
the surface of the material by metallic components such as bonding properties, loading and thin
vaporization of the evaporated Ag/Cu/Zn in the film suitable for modification layer
metal to produce a modified film by metal element
reaction modification
Electrochemical Electrochemical reaction causes the The electrolyte component Strong binding and High cost 109
modification analytes in the electrolyte to adhere and porous structure of the good effect and complex 107
to the surface of the material to coating also promote cell preparation 115
form a coating growth process
Loaded drug or active Bioactive substances such as drugs Promote tissue recovery by High safety and High requirements 117
substance and cellular platelets are loaded releasing drugs and building a quick recovery for surface coating 119
onto the surface of the material bioactive environment preparation
using a carrier such as a gel
Compound method Combining morphological The synergistic action of Better results with High preparation 126
modification with compositional different components, or simultaneous requirements and
effects, or building coatings the joint action of surface antimicrobial and complex processes
from combinations of different morphology and components osteogenic effects
components

Volume 3 Issue 1 (2024) 19 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.2753