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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing                         Preparation and modification of porous Ti



            (iii)  The surface modification process is a crucial step for   reports  with more  than  15  years  of follow-up.  Lancet.
               endowing the material with functional properties. Given   2019;393:647-654.
               the complex internal structure of porous titanium alloy,      doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31665-9.
               penetrating the inside of the structure using the traditional
               modification method is challenging; therefore, surface   2.   Gupta K, Meena K. Artificial bone scaffolds and bone
                                                                  joints by additive manufacturing: A  review.  Bioprinting.
               modification  of porous titanium  is mostly conducted   2023;31:e00268.
               in a fluid medium. According to the principle of action,
               the  modification strategies  of porous  titanium alloy      doi: 10.1016/j.bprint.2023.e00268
               can be divided into physical modification, chemical   3.   Denry I, Kelly JR. Emerging ceramic-based materials for
               composition loading, biological activity introduction, etc.   dentistry. J Dent Res. 2014;93:1235-1242.
               Composite modification combines the above methods to      doi: 10.1177/0022034514553627.
               achieve multiple functions simultaneously. In addition,
               the spatiotemporal modulation of coating properties   4.   Dong T, Duan C, Wang S, et al. Multifunctional surface with
               through external aids, such as sound, light, electricity,   enhanced angiogenesis for improving long-term osteogenic
               heat, and magnetism, can help with further adapting to   fixation of poly(ether ether ketone) implants.  ACS  Appl
                                                                  Mater Interfaces. 2020;12:14971-14982.
               the growth of human tissues and environmental changes
               and allow for matching with human properties, paving      doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c02304
               the way to become the new generation of modification   5.   Wang N, Ma Y, Shi H, Song Y, Guo S, Yang S. Mg-, Zn-, and
               methods.                                           Fe-based alloys with antibacterial properties as orthopedic
                                                                  implant materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:888084.
            Acknowledgments
                                                                  doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.888084
            This project acknowledges the support of Guangxi Key   6.   Liang W, Zhou C, Zhang H,  et  al. Recent advances in
            Laboratory for Preclinical and Translational Research on   3D  printing  of biodegradable  metals  for orthopaedic
            Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases (21-220-06).     applications. J Biol Eng. 2023;17:56.

            Funding                                               doi: 10.1186/s13036-023-00371-7
            None.                                              7.   Song C, Liu L, Deng Z, et al. Research progress on the design
                                                                  and performance of porous titanium alloy bone implants.
            Conflict of interest                                  J Mater Res Technol. 2023;23:2626-2641.
            The authors declare that they have no competing interests.     doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.01.155
                                                               8.   Guo AXY, Cheng L, Zhan S, et al. Biomedical applications
            Author contributions                                  of the powder‐based 3D printed titanium alloys: A review.
            Conceptualization: Liqiang Wang                       J Mater Sci Technol. 2022;125:252-264.
            Data curation: Miao Luo and Yuting Lv                 doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.11.084
            Supervision: Chengliang Yang                       9.   Gao C, Li C, Wang C, et al. Advances in the induction of
            Writing – original draft: Binghao Wang and Zheng Shi  osteogenesis by zinc surface modification based on titanium
            Writing – review and editing: Binghao Wang and Yuwen Cui  alloy substrates for medical implants.  J  Alloy Compd.
                                                                  2017;726:1072-1084.
            Ethics approval and consent to participate
                                                                  doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.078
            Not applicable.
                                                               10.  Sun Y, Hu W, Wu C, et al. Research progress on mechanical
            Consent for publication                               properties of 3D printed biomedical titanium alloys. J Mater
                                                                  Eng Perform. 2023;32:9489-9503.
            Not applicable.
                                                                  doi: 10.1007/s11665-023-08248-y
            Availability of data                               11.  Liu R, Su Y, Yang W, et al. Novel design and optimization
                                                                  of porous titanium structure for mandibular reconstruction.
            Not applicable.
                                                                  Appl Bionics Biomech. 2022;2022:8686670.
            References                                            doi: 10.1155/2022/8686670
            1.   Evans JT, Evans JP, Walker RW, Blom AW, Whitehouse MR,   12.  Long S, Zhu J, Jing Y, He S, Cheng L, Shi Z. A comprehensive
               Sayers A. How long does a hip replacement last? A systematic   review of surface modification techniques for enhancing the
               review and meta-analysis of case series and national registry   biocompatibility of 3D-printed titanium implants. Coatings.


            Volume 3 Issue 1 (2024)                         20                      https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.2753
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