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biomedical research and applications. 13-15 3D bioprinting the cultivation platform created by 3D bioprinting enhances
involves printing bioink containing living cells to form the versatility of organoid applications, including drug
a 3D construct according to a preset structure. The key screening, disease research, and multiorgan interaction
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elements of 3D bioprinting include the printing equipment, studies. 27-29
printing models, and bioink. Printing devices are primarily In this review, we explore recent advancements in the
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divided into extrusion 3D printing, droplet 3D printing, development and application of organoids combined
and stereolithography. Extrusion 3D bioprinting is the with 3D bioprinting (Figure 1). We summarize the role
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process of continuously micro-extruding or microfluidic of 3D bioprinting in developing and culturing various
extrusion of bioink, followed by layer-by-layer printing organoids, particularly those of the internal tissues/organs,
to form constructs. This technology is easy to operate musculoskeletal system, and tumors. Furthermore, we
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and has a wide range of applications, but its resolution is highlight the advantages of 3D bioprinting in enhancing
relatively low. Droplet 3D printing involves generating organoid development and application, underscoring the
droplets of bioink for printing, offering fast printing speed
and high resolution, but it requires high precision in the complementary relationship between organoids and 3D
characteristics of the bioink. Stereolithography utilizes bioprinting. We also discuss how 3D bioprinting can be
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photosensitive materials for light curing and layer-by-layer applied to promote the development of miniature organoids
stacking, offering high printing accuracy and structural into larger tissue structures. Finally, we summarize and
diversity. Different printing devices are selected based on envision future research strategies that combine 3D
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the biomaterials and structures to be printed. Meanwhile, bioprinting for organoid development, considering the
bioink primarily consists of biomaterials, active factors, future prospects for this innovative approach.
and live cells, and its composition design is crucial for the 2. Data retrieval strategy
formation and development of 3D constructs. Given the
variety of available printing conditions, 3D bioprinting The relevant data for this review were obtained by searching
offers flexibility and stability. PubMed and X-MOL. The main search keywords included
“organoids,” “3D bioprinting,” “organoid structures,”
Given its ability to form multicellular 3D constructs
and the flexibility and designability of printed structures, “organoid development,” “large-scale organ models,” “high-
throughput culture,” “organoid vascularisation,” “organoid
3D bioprinting offers significant potential for organoid applications,” “organoid monitoring,” “tissue regeneration,”
research. 22,23 First, 3D bioprinting serves as an effective and “disease modeling.” Only papers published in English
method for the formation and high-throughput cultivation between 2009 and 2024 were selected.
of organoids, while also enabling the development of 3D
growth platforms for organoids. Notably, by adjusting the 3. Merging organoids with
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printing parameters, it is possible to regulate the migration, three-dimensional bioprinting
differentiation, function, and other behaviors of cells, which
is important for organoid development. In addition, 3D Three-dimensional bioprinting is an additive
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bioprinting allows the distribution of stem cells forming manufacturing process that enables the formation of
organoids according to a predetermined structure, thereby 3D structures by printing living cells and other bioactive
facilitating the formation of specific structures within materials based on designed models. The addition
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the organoids. Moreover, 3D bioprinting holds the of biological factors and the regulation of printing
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potential to manufacture large tissue structures by printing parameters can optimize these functions. In recent years,
organoids, further expanding their applications. In turn, 3D bioprinting has evolved into an effective technology for
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Figure 1. Overview of the development and application of organoids in combination with three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting.

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2025) 2 doi: 10.36922/OR025040004