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Table 1. Key biomimetic parameters and technological advancements provided by microfluidic bone marrow mimetics
References Device application/research Device material/ Hydrodynamic Main cell type/ Key benefits and
objectives fabrication means mechanism microenvironment enhancements offered by
material the device
Sieber et al. 58 3D bone marrow Hydroxyapatite-coated Peristaltic pump h-HSPC; h-BMSC/ Co-culture-perfused 3D
niche-on-chip modeling zirconium oxide fibronectin hydrogel matrix
Achieving long-term scaffold/none Provides a long-term,
HSPC culture through molecularly and
a microfluidic platform structurally biomimetic
that mimics the 3D microenvironment
molecular and structural compared to conventional
microenvironment of human models, improving the
bone marrow mechanistic understanding
of HSPC homeostasis and
multilineage differentiation
with functional validation
Kotha et al. 59 Engineered multicellular PDMS/ Gravity-induced h-UVEC; human Perfused 3D hydrogel
vascular niche platform soft-lithography flow marrow stromal matrix
Modeling hematopoietic cell cell (HS-5); human Provides a multicellular
trafficking through a tunable BMNC; human and perfused vascular
multicellular platform acute myelogenous microenvironment
that engineers human leukemic cell; compared to conventional
vascular marrow niches h-HSPC/type I static or simplified
with real-time interaction collagen models, improving
mapping the understanding
of hematopoietic cell
trafficking mechanisms
with high spatial and
temporal resolution
imaging
Marturano-Kruik Perfused bone perivascular PDMS/ Syringe pump h-BMSC; h-UVEC; Perfused decellularized
et al. 60 niche-on-a-chip modeling soft-lithography human breast 3D bone matrix
Investigating breast cancer cell line Provides a physiologically
cancer metastasis and (MDA-MB-231)/ accurate perivascular niche
drug resistance through decellularized 3D with controlled interstitial
a triculture niche bone matrix flow and oxygen gradients
platform that replicates compared to conventional
interstitial flow dynamics static models, improving
and oxygen gradients in the understanding of
human bone perivascular metastatic colonization
microenvironments and drug resistance
mechanisms through
real-time monitoring of
slow-proliferative cancer
states
Hao et al. 61 Spontaneous 3D-mineralized PDMS/ Reservoir Mouse Co-culture in a perfused
bone-on-a-chip modeling soft-lithography pre-osteoblast cell 3D hydrogel matrix
Investigating breast cancer line (MC3T3-E1); Provides a spontaneously
bone colonization through MDA-MB-231/ mineralized and
a self-mineralizing chip collagen matrix physiologically relevant
platform that replicates bone microenvironment
physiologically relevant 3D compared to conventional
bone matrices for in vivo-like induced-differentiation
metastasis hallmark capture models, improving
the capture of breast
cancer colonization
hallmarks with enhanced
spatiotemporal
accessibility
(Cont'd...)

Volume 1 Issue 3 (2025) 7 doi: 10.36922/OR025200017