Page 443 - IJB-10-3

International Journal of Bioprinting Different modeling of porous scaffolds

Figure 8. Comparison of mechanical performance of different scaffolds. (A) Yield strength of scaffolds. (B) Ultimate strength of scaffolds. (C) Elastic
modulus of scaffolds. (D) Comparison of the mechanical properties of scaffolds prepared in this study with porous titanium scaffolds prepared in other
published study. 47,51-56 Abbreviations: D, Diamond; G, Gyroid; IW-P, I-graph-wrapped package; P, Primitive.

compared to the existing scaffolds, from which it can be Different scaffolds exhibit permeability values in the
seen that, compared to scaffolds prepared in published range of 0.88–1.93 × 10 m . In comparison, the average
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works, 47,51-56 the modulus of the porous scaffolds prepared permeability of human trabecular bone falls within the
in this work is closer to that of cancellous bone under the range of 0.29–3.91 × 10 m . Therefore, it is evident that
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condition of close porosity. The range of strength variation the permeability of the porous scaffolds designed in this
is also larger, showing the potential of the minimal surface study meets the requirements of human skeletal structures.
unit and modeling strategy for performance tuning. In terms of the filled structure, the permeability levels,
from highest to lowest, are as follows: IW-P (1.91 × 10 m )
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The elongation of the thickened scaffolds for G and IW-P -9 2 -9 2 -9 2
structures is slightly higher than that of the filled scaffolds, > P (1.79 × 10 m ) > G (1.66 × 10 m ) > D (1.52 × 10 m ).
Here, the main reason for the greater permeability of the
with strains increasing from 8.60% and 6.01% to 10.94% IW-P-filled scaffolds than the P-filled scaffold structures is
and 9.43%, respectively. For P and D surface structures, the the greater number and concentration of pores in the IW-P
fracture strain of the filled structure is higher than that of for the same inflow area (as shown in Figure 5A and D). For
the thickened structure due to its structural characteristics. the thickened structure, the permeability levels between
The material’s toughness determines its ability to absorb different units are as follows, from highest to lowest: G
energy and undergo plastic deformation without breaking. (1.01 × 10 m ) > IW-P (0.97 × 10 m ) > P (0.94 × 10 m )
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High toughness can prevent catastrophic failures caused > D (0.88 × 10 m ). In terms of modeling strategies, the
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by unexpected overloads or localized strains, an attribute porous scaffolds created using the filling method exhibit
beneficial for the development of stable implants. 3
higher permeability compared to the thickened scaffolds.
3.3. Penetration properties of the scaffolds Compared with the existing work 47,58,59 (as shown in
Figure 9A shows the permeability of scaffolds obtained Figure 9B), the porous scaffolds prepared in this study
through the falling head method. It can be seen that the maintained high permeability with lower porosity. It was
unit structure and modeling strategy have a significant demonstrated that the minimal surface porous scaffolds
impact on the permeability of the scaffolds. constructed by both filling and thickening modeling
Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 435 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2565