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International Journal of Bioprinting Bioprinted liver dECM/GelMA tumor model

promote hepatocyte-like phenotypes through improved Funds for the Central Universities (ZQN-1107), and
cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Furthermore, the the Science and Technology Projects in Fujian Province
51
use of maintenance medium and galactosylated substrates (2022FX1 and 2023Y4008).
52
that mimic liver-specific glycosylation patterns can
53
further enhance hepatic gene expression, protein secretion, Conflict of interest
and metabolic functions in vitro. These functional The authors declare that they have no known competing
enhancements may increase the cellular capacity for drug financial interests or personal relationships that could have
detoxification, efflux transporter activity, or resistance appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
to apoptosis, thereby contributing to the chemoresistant
phenotype observed in 3D tumor models.
Author contributions
4. Conclusion Conceptualization: Chunyang Zhang, Chaoping Fu
This study implemented an integrated approach that Formal analysis: Chunyang Zhang, Chaoping Fu
combines chemical decellularization with enzymatic Funding acquisition: Shibin Wang, Aizheng Chen,
treatment to optimize the preparation conditions for Chaoping Fu
dECM. Comprehensive assessments of the physicochemical Investigation: Chunyang Zhang, Yunze Xu, Xiaochang Lu
properties and biocompatibility of dECM confirmed Methodology: Chunyang Zhang, Yunze Xu, Hongwei Yu
its safety and effectiveness. To address the inherent Project administration: Shibin Wang, Aizheng Chen,
limitations of dECM in printability, composite bioinks Chaoping Fu
consisting of GelMA, gelatin, and dECM were formulated Supervision: Chaoping Fu
and systematically analyzed. Rheological assessments, Visualization: Chunyang Zhang, Ying Fang, Hongwei Yu
structural imaging, and extended shape printing Writing–original draft: Chunyang Zhang
demonstrated that the incorporation of dECM not only Writing–review & editing: Changyong Li, Weihong Ji,
enhanced the mechanical integrity and structural fidelity of Chaoping Fu
the bioinks, but also maintained excellent biocompatibility.
Furthermore, an in vitro 3D liver cancer model was Ethics approval and consent to participate
developed using GelMA, gelatin, and dECM, enabling a Not applicable.
comprehensive investigation of tumor growth dynamics,
metabolic activity, protein secretion, and drug resistance. Consent for publication
The findings underscore that 3D printing technology
serves as an effective methodology for constructing in Not applicable.
vitro tumor models, with dECM significantly promoting
cell proliferation, migration, and aggregation. Notably, Availability of data
the liver cancer model developed through this innovative Additional data and materials not included in the
approach demonstrated significantly enhanced cell manuscript or supplementary materials are available from
proliferation, protein expression, and drug resistance the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
compared to conventional 2D culture systems. This model
not only provides critical insights into tumor biology References
but also presents a robust platform for the screening
of novel targeted therapies, thereby paving the way for 1. De Santibañes M, Pekolj J, Sanchez Claria R, De Santibañes
advancements in cancer research and treatment. E, Mazza OM. Technical implications for surgical
resection in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancers.
Acknowledgments 2023;15(5):1509.
doi: 10.3390/cancers15051509
The authors thank the Instrumental Analysis Center of
Huaqiao University for their FT-IR, NMR, SEM, and 2. Zaher A, Foromera J, Capanu M, Chou J, Faleck DM.
Sa1848 extent of surgical resection for ibd-associated
CLSM measurement support.
neoplasia and colorectal cancer outcomes. Gastroenterology.
Funding 2024;166(5):S-549-S-550.
doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(24)01733-5
This work was supported by the National Natural Science 3. Yu X, Wang X, Sun L, Yamazaki A, Li X. Tumor
Foundation of China (NSFC, 32271410 and 32071323, microenvironment regulation - enhanced radio -
and 32301117), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian immunotherapy. Biomater Adv. 2022;138:212867.
Province (No. 2022J01297), the Fundamental Research doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212867

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 405 doi: 10.36922/IJB025160142