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Gene & Protein in Disease                      DNA methylation and gene expression on rats with protein malnutrition




            Table 8. Indel location classification table.
             Sample (indel)  Intergenic  Intronic  Exonic  UTR3      UTR5     Upstream   Downstream    Splicing
            LPE_1            1509        2774      591      1480     122        152         566          38
            LPE_2            2125        4111      738      1775     147        203         779          42
            LPE_3             734        1068      399      968       65        89          341          22
            LPE_4            1577        2897      624      1483     117        147         573          41
            LPF_1             467        549       260      704       52        58          228          16
            LPF_2            1188        1810      592      1362     115        140         538          33
            LPF_3            1560        3148      566      1388     115        140         568          35
            LPF_4            1734        3078      902      1740     146        201         691          38
            CON_1            1751        2741      700      1752     156        178         685          40
            CON_2             999        1631      529      1155     104        105         450          27
            CON_3            1456        2770      613      1396     126        144         604          39
            CON_4            4132        7109      781      2229     217        362         1159         54
            LPE: Early-life low-protein group, LPF: Fetal low-protein group, CON: Control group


            Table 9. Quality pre‑processing of sequencing data.
             Sample  Raw data  Valid data  Q20%  Q30%  GC%
                      Base     Base
            CON-1     7.75G    6.19G    98.59  96.6   22.72
            CON-2     6.14G    4.95G    98.63  96.69  22.45
            CON-3     8.14G    5.60G    98.45  96.19  22.7
            CON-4     9.56G    5.68G    98.24  95.69  22.6
            LPE-1     9.19G    6.20G    98.69  96.81  22.47
            LPE-2     8.36G    5.80G    98.7   96.84  22.39
            LPE-3    11.57G    6.40G    98.5   96.39  23.54
            LPE-4     6.84G    5.35G    98.6   96.62  23.51
            LPF-1    13.07G    5.60G    98.51  96.38  23.42
            LPF-2     8.74G    6.04G    98.62  96.66  23.08
            LPF-3    10.28G    5.82G    98.59  96.59  23.24
            LPF-4    10.31G    5.56G    98.6   96.64  22.13    Figure 10. SNP type statistics.
            LPE: Early-life low-protein group, LPF: Fetal low-protein group,
            CON: Control group                                 and development, as this stage corresponds to the mature
                                                               period of the formation and development of organs and
            group compared with the CON group. AABR07046628.1   tissues as well as cell differentiation. The plasticity of this
            was a unique gene that was differentially expressed in   stage is strong, and the development of most organs and
            DNA methylation in the LPF group compared with the   systems is sensitive and variable to the environment during
            LPE  group.  Mt-nd2,  Mt-nd3,  Mt-nd4,  Mt-nd5,  Mt-nd6,   this “time window.” Adverse stress can lead to increased
            Mt-nd4l,  Mt-atp6,  Mt-atp8,  AABR07034833.1,  and   susceptibility to the occurrence and development of
            AY172581.24 were specific in the LPE group (Table 13).  diseases. A large number of epidemiological investigations,
                                                               animal experiments, and clinical trials have shown that
            4. Discussion                                      malnutrition in early life is an important environmental
            Malnutrition in early life refers to insufficient nutrient intake   factor for various chronic non-communicable diseases in
            leading to nutrient deficiency in the fetus or developmental   adulthood, but most of the relevant studies are still limited
            retardation of the mother’s uterus, which affects the   to the study of morphology . With the development
                                                                                       [27]
            nutrition intake of the fetus . Early life (generally refers to   of genomics technology, it is possible to explore the
                                 [26]
            the fetal period, infant period) is the key period of growth   occurrence  and  development  of  intrauterine  nutritional

            Volume 1 Issue 2 (2022)                         13                     https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.v1i2.169
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